A vision on air pollution in cities and the human effect
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4995/vitruvio-ijats.2020.14607Keywords:
Air pollution, COVID-19, Cities energy, EnvironmentAbstract
The human effect on air quality in cities and the evolution of air pollution is obvious, due to economic activity, vehicle traffic, etc. The situation created indirectly by COVID-19, has caused many countries to impose during certain periods restriction of movement and stoppage of economic activities, which has allowed us to observe the instant effect that occurs on the air quality in cities. This article discusses what the observed effect has been, focusing on the early moments of the pandemic (January 2020 to March 2020), with an analysis of the situation from its origin in China to its arrival in Europe and more specifically the situation created in Spain. After the analysis of the situation, it can be seen the large reduction of pollutants in the air of different cities, and in particular in Spain, which came to reduce about 80%. All this leads us to the observation of how human activity can greatly influence air pollution.
Downloads
References
ACP. (2020). Atmosphere Copernicus programme. Available online: https://atmosphere.copernicus.eu/flawed-estimateseffects-lockdown-measures-air-quality-derived-satelliteobservations?q=flawed-estimates-effects-lockdown-measures-airquality-satellite-observations. (accessed on 22/04/2020).
AYM. (2020). Ayuntamiento de Madrid. Estudio de la evolución de la calidad del aire durante el estado de alarma por COVID-19. http://calidadaire.madrid.es/opencms/calaire/Publicaciones/estudio_COVID.html
AQICN. (2020). Air quality Historical Data Platform. Available online: https://aqicn.org/data-platform/register/. (accessed on 01/08/2020).
Cárcel-Carrasco, J., Cárcel-Carrasco, J. A., Peñalvo-López, E. (2020) Factors in the Relationship between Maintenance Engineering and Knowledge Management. Applied Sciences. 10.8: 2810. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app10082810
Condereff project. (2020). Construction & demolition waste management policies for improved resource efficiency. Available online: https://www.interregeurope.eu/condereff/. (accessed on 21/04/2020).
ESA/Copernicus. (2020). Available online: URL: https://www.esa.int/esearch?q=covid-19. (accessed on 20/03/2020).
Farrow, A., Miller, K.A. &Myllyvirta, L.(2020) Toxic air: The price of fossil fuels. Seoul: Greenpeace Southeast Asia. 44 pp. https://es.greenpeace.org/es/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2020/02/TOXIC-AIR-Report-110220.pdf (accessed on 16/03/2020).
Gatto, M., Bertuzzo, E., Mari, L., Miccoli, S., Carraro, L., Casagrandi, R., & Rinaldo, A. (2020). Spread and dynamics of the COVID-19 epidemic in Italy: Effects of emergency containment measures. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(19), 10484-10491. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2004978117
Gómez, F., Valcuende, M., Matzarakis, A., Cárcel-Carrasco, J. (2018). Design of natural elements in open spaces of cities with a Mediterranean climate, conditions for comfort and urban ecology. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 25.26: 26643-26652. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2736-1
Grow Green project. (2020). Green cities for climate and water resilience, sustainable economic growth, healthy citizens and environments. Available online: http://growgreenproject.eu/. (accessed on 21/04/2020).
IEA. (2020). International Energy Agency. Available online: https://www.iea.org/. (accessed on 22/03/2020)
Mahase, E. (2020). Covid-19: WHO declares pandemic because of “alarming levels” of spread, severity, and inaction. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m1036
McKinney, A. (2019). A Planetary Health Approach to Study Links Between Pollution and Human Health. Current Pollution Reports, 5(4), 394-406. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40726-019-00131-6.
Muhammad, S., Long, X., Salman, M. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic and environmental pollution: a blessing in disguise?. Science of The Total Environment, 138820. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138820
NASA. (2020). Available online: URL: https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/146362/airborne-nitrogen-dioxide-plummets-overchina. (accessed on 21/03/2020).
PCA. (2020). Ayuntamiento de Madrid. Portal calidad del aire. Available online: http://www.mambiente.madrid.es/sica/scripts/index.php. (accessed on 22/03/2020).
Peñalvo-López (a), E., Cárcel-Carrasco, J.,Alfonso-Solar, D., Valencia-Salazar, I., Hurtado-Pérez, E. (2020). Study of the Improvement on Energy Efficiency for a Building in the Mediterranean Area by the Installation of a Green Roof System. Energies. 13.5: 1246. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/en13051246
Peñalvo-López (b), E., Pérez-Navarro, Á., Hurtado, E., Cárcel-Carrasco, F. J. (2019). Comprehensive Methodology for Sustainable Power Supply in Emerging Countries. Sustainability. 11.19: 5398. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/su11195398
Peñalvo-López (c), E., Cárcel-Carrasco, F. J., Devece, C., Morcillo, A. I. (2017). A methodology for analysing sustainability in energy scenarios. Sustainability. 9.9: 1590. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/su9091590
REE. (2020) Red Eléctrica de España. Available onlinehttps://www.ree.es/es/actividades/demanda-y-produccion-en-tiempo-real. (accessed on 22/03/2020).
SEPAR. (2020). Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica. Available online: https://www.separ.es/. (accessed on 22/03/2020).
Sharifi, A., Khavarian-Garmsir, A. R. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic: Impacts on cities and major lessons for urban planning, design, and management. Science of The Total Environment, 142391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142391
USEP. (2011). United States Environmental Protection Agency: Office of Air and Radiation. The benefits and costs of the Clean Air Act from 1990 to 2020. Disponible en: https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-07/documents/fullreport_rev_a.pdf (2011) [accessed on 19/03/2020].
Web 1. (2020) New Virus Discovered by Chinese Scientists Investigating Pneumonia Outbreak. Available online: https://www.wsj.com/articles/new-virus-discovered-by-chinese-scientistsinvestigating-pneumoniaoutbreak-11578485668 (accessed on 16/03/2020).
Web 2. (2020) New-type coronavirus causes pneumonia in Wuhan: Expert. Available online: http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-01/09/c_138690570.htm (accessed on 18/03/2020).
Web 3. (2020) Novel 2019 coronavirus genome. Available online: http://virological.org/t/novel-2019-coronavirus-genome/319 (accessed on 20/03/2020).
Web 4. (2020). El comercio. Available online: URL:https://www.elcomercio.com/tendencias/aislamiento-covid19-reduccioncontaminacion-ambiente.html. (accessed on 20/03/2020)
Web 5. (2020). La vanguardia. Available online: URL: https://www.lavanguardia.com/natural/20200316/474188625832/contaminacion-aire-coronavirus-imagenes-satelite-italia-esa.html (accessed on 20/03/2020).
Web 6. (2020) Portal Web de Calidad del Aire del Ayuntamiento de Madrid. http://www.mambiente.madrid.es/opencms/calaire/SistemaIntegral/SistVigilancia/
WHO. (2020). World Health Organization. Available online: URL: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novelcoronavirus-2019/situation-reports/. (accessed on 20/03/2020).
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License