Resilient and sustainable modular system for temporary sheltering in emergency condition

Mohammad Ali Nekooie; Mohammadhosein Tofighi

doi:10.4995/vitruvio-ijats.2020.11946

Authors

Mohammad Ali Nekooie Malek Ashtar University of Technology https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1282-9820
Mohammadhosein Tofighi Malek Ashtar University of Technology

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4995/vitruvio-ijats.2020.11946

Keywords:

Resilience, Modularity, Industrialized Building System, Emergency Management, Temporary shelter

Abstract

During the hazard impact, it is very important to manage the emergency condition. Temporary sheltering is one of the preliminary and main requirements of disaster management. COVID 19 poses the necessity of using fast and modular temporary sheltering in the crowded cities to improve treating and curing services for the hospitals. However, successful emergency management for current societies is achievable if the resilience approach has been implemented in all procedures of emergency management. The concept of resilience could make a new sense of motivation in disaster management while recent research shows that resilience makes a significant improvement in the traditional approach of safety and security during disasters. Temporary shelters play an important role in the temporary settlement and also commanding the emergency condition during a disaster period. This study aims to develop a resilient modular design of shelters based on a sustainable industrialized Building system (IBS) under the main critical success factors with the approach of resilience and sustainability. Critical success factors (CSFs), resilience and sustainability criteria are extracted from literature and the CSFs are evaluated based on the questionnaire survey and using VIKOR as a multi-criteria decision-making method. The reduction of mortar usage, IBS, and Interconnected structure are the most impressive factors. Based on these factors, the symmetric orthogonal modular system was selected. The robustness of the selected system was calculated under the explosive load test. Interconnectivity, modularity, mortar-less erecting, disassembling and reassembling abilities are some of the advantages. They improve rapidity, transformability of this structure following capacities of resilience.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Mohammad Ali Nekooie, Malek Ashtar University of Technology

Assistant Professor

Department of Critical Infrastructure Protection

Mohammadhosein Tofighi, Malek Ashtar University of Technology

MSc. Graduated

Department of Civil Engineering,

References

Aldunce, P., Beilin, R., Handmer, J., et al. (2014) Framing disaster resilience: The implications of the diverse conceptualisations of "bouncing back". Disaster Prevention and Management 23(3): 252-270. https://doi.org/10.1108/DPM-07-2013-0130

Barbier, E.B. (1987) The concept of sustainable economic development. Environmental conservation 14(02): 101-110. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0376892900011449

Borghei, S.M., Nekooie, M.A., Sadeghian, H., et al. (2013) Triangular labyrinth side weirs with one and two cycles. Proceedings of the ICEWater Management 166(1): 27-42. https://doi.org/10.1680/wama.11.00032

Bunster, V. and Bustamante, W. (2019) Structuring a Residential Satisfaction Model for Predictive Personalization in Mass Social Housing. Sustainability 11(14): 3943. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11143943

Chao Zhang, Wen Xiu Lin, Muhammad Abududdin, et al. (2011) Sustainable Development of Urban Environment and Building Material. Advanced Materials Research 374-377(-): 43-48. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.374-377.43

Chen, W., Zhai, G., Fan, C., et al. (2017) A planning framework based on system theory and GIS for urban emergency shelter system: A case of Guangzhou, China. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal 23(3): 441-456. https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2016.1185692

Chiou H-K, Tzeng G-H and Cheng D-C (2005) Evaluating sustainable fishing development strategies using fuzzy MCDM approach. Omega 33(3): 223-234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2004.04.011

Cutter, S.L., Ahearn, J.A., Amadei, B., et al. (2013) Disaster resilience: A national imperative. Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development 55(2): 25-29. https://doi.org/10.1080/00139157.2013.768076

Cutter, S.L., Burton, C.G. and Emrich, C.T. (2010) Disaster resilience indicators for benchmarking baseline conditions. Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management 7(1). https://doi.org/10.2202/1547-7355.1732

Damtoft, J.S., Lukasik, J., Herfort, D., et al. (2008) Sustainable development and climate change initiatives. Cement and Concrete Research 38(2): 115-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2007.09.008

Deeb, M., Groffman, P.M., Joyner, J.L., et al. (2018) Soil and microbial properties of green infrastructure stormwater management systems. Ecological Engineering 125: 68-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2018.10.017

Duffield, M. (2015) Resilience and abandonment. Resilience: International Policies, Practices and Discourses 3(2): 137-140. https://doi.org/10.1080/21693293.2015.1022990

Folke, C., Biggs, R., Norström, A., et al. (2016) Social-ecological resilience and biosphere-based sustainability science. Ecology and Society 21(3). https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-08748-210341

Foster, K. (2012) In search of regional resilience. Urban and regional policy and its effects: Building resilient regions 4: 24-59.

Gopalakrishnan, K. and Peeta, S. (2010) Sustainable and Resilient Critical Infrastructure Systems: Simulation, Modeling, and Intelligent Engineering. Chennai, India: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11405-2

Haimes, Y.Y., Crowther, K. and Horowitz, B.M. (2008) Homeland security preparedness: Balancing protection with resilience in emergent systems. Systems Engineering 11(4): 287-308. https://doi.org/10.1002/sys.20101

Halldórsson, Á., Kotzab, H. and Skjøtt-Larsen, T. (2009) Supply chain management on the crossroad to sustainability: a blessing or a curse? Logistics Research 1(2): 83-94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12159-009-0012-y

Haynes, H., Haynes, R. and Pender, G. (2008) Integrating socioeconomic analysis into decision-support methodology for flood risk management at the development scale (Scotland). Water and Environment Journal 22(2): 117-124. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.2007.00086.x

Henry, M. and Kato, Y. (2011) An assessment framework based on social perspectives and Analytic Hierarchy Process: A case study on sustainability in the Japanese concrete industry. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management 28(4): 300-316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jengtecman.2011.06.006

Kenai, S., Menadi, B. and Khatib, J.M. (2014) Sustainable construction and low-carbon dioxide concrete: Algeria case. Proceedings of the ICE - Engineering Sustainability, 167. https://doi.org/10.1680/ensu.12.00024

Levine, S., Pain, A., Bailey, S., et al. (2012) The Relevance of'resilience'?: ODI.

Lewis, J. and Kelman, I. (2010) Places, people and perpetuity: Community capacities in ecologies of catastrophe. ACME: an international e-journal for critical geographies 9(2): 191-220.

Lewis, T.G. (2011) Network science: Theory and applications. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.

Manyena, S.B. (2014) Disaster resilience: A question of 'multiple faces' and 'multiple spaces'? International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 8: 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2013.12.010

Manyena, S.B., O'Brien, G., O'Keefe, P., et al. (2011) Disaster resilience: a bounce back or bounce forward ability. Local Environment 16(5): 417-424. https://doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2011.583049

Markovska, N, Taseska, V. and Pop-Jordanov, J. (2009) SWOT analyses of the national energy sector for sustainable energy development. Energy 34(6): 752-756. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2009.02.006

Mohamad, M.I., Nekooie, M.A., Taherkhani, R., et al. (2012) Exploring the Potential of Using Industrialized Building System for Floating Urbanization by SWOT Analysis. Journal of Applied Sciences 12(5): 486-491. https://doi.org/10.3923/jas.2012.486.491

Nappi, M.M.L., Nappi, V. and Souza, J.C .(2019) Multi-criteria decision model for the selection and location of temporary shelters in disaster management. Journal of International Humanitarian Action 4(1): 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41018-019-0061-z

Nappi, M.M.L. and Souza, J.C. (2015) Disaster management: hierarchical structuring criteria for selection and location of temporary shelters. Natural Hazards 75(3): 2421-2436. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-014-1437-4

Nappi, M.M.L. and Souza, J.C. (2017) Temporary shelters: An architectural look at user-environment relationships. Arquiteturarevista 13(2): 112-120.

Omidvar, B., Baradaran-Shoraka, M. and Nojavan, M. (2013) Temporary site selection and decision-making methods: a case study of Tehran, Iran. Disasters 37(3): 536-553. https://doi.org/10.1111/disa.12007

Ortiz, O., Castells, F. and Sonnemann, G. (2009) Sustainability in the construction industry: A review of recent developments based on LCA. Construction and Building Materials 23(1): 28-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.11.012

Kumar Mehta, P. and Burrows, R.W. (2001) Building Durable Structures in the 21st Century. Concrete International 23(3): 7.

Petala, E., Wever, R., Dutilh, C., et al. (2010) The role of new product development briefs in implementing sustainability: A case study. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management 27(3-4): 172-182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jengtecman.2010.06.004

Reghezza-Zitt, M., Rufat, S., Djament-Tran, G., et al. (2012) What resilience is not: uses and abuses. Cybergeo: European Journal of Geography. https://doi.org/10.4000/cybergeo.25554

Spence, R. and Mulligan, H. (1995) Sustainable development and the construction industry. Habitat International 19(3): 279-292. https://doi.org/10.1016/0197-3975(94)00071-9

Taherkhani, R., Saleh, A., Nekooie, M.A., et al. (2012) External Factors Influencing on Industrial Building System (Ibs) in Malaysia. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Policy 1(2): 66-79.

Tsai, C-H. and Yeh, Y-L. (2016) The study of integrating geographic information with multi-objective decision making on allocating the appropriate refuge shelters: using Kengting National Park as an example. Natural Hazards 82(3): 2133-2147. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-016-2298-9

UNICEF (2008) Albergues en escuela, cuándo?, cómo/, por qué? In: United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR). http://www.eird.org/cd/toolkit08/material/Inicio/escuela_alberue/escuela-albergue.pdf.

Vugrin, E.D., Warren, D.E., Ehlen, M.A., et al. (2010) A framework for assessing the resilience of infrastructure and economic systems. Sustainable and resilient critical infrastructure systems. Springer, pp.77-116. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11405-2_3

Wilbanks, T.J., Fernandez, S.J. and Allen, M.R. (2015) Extreme Weather Events and Interconnected Infrastructures: Toward More Comprehensive Climate Change Planning. Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development 57(4): 4-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/00139157.2015.1048134

Wilbanks, T.J., Kane, S.M., Leiby, P.N., et al. (2003) Possible Responses to Global Climate Change: Integrating Mitigation and Adaptation. Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development 45(5): 28-38. https://doi.org/10.1080/00139150309604547

Xu, J., Yin, X., Chen, D., et al. (2016) Multi-criteria location model of earthquake evacuation shelters to aid in urban planning. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 20: 51-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2016.10.009

Zobel, C.W. (2011) Representing perceived trade-offs in defining disaster resilience. Decision Support Systems 50(2011): 394-403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2010.10.001