Tecnología digital en la localización del sistema de captación de agua de la fuente del Cuadrado en Montilla (Córdoba, España) en el siglo XIX

Pilar Carranza-Cañadas; Manuel Baena-Sánchez; Rafael Hidalgo Fernández; Paula Triviño-Tarradas

doi:10.4995/var.2022.15937

Authors

Pilar Carranza-Cañadas Universidad de Córdoba https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7578-5012
Manuel Baena-Sánchez Universidad de Córdoba
Rafael Hidalgo Fernández Universidad de Cordoba https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4384-6220
Paula Triviño-Tarradas Graphic Engineering and Geomatics Department. University of Cordoba. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1212-0926

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2022.15937

Keywords:

3D irrigation canal reconstruction, digital localization, water catchment systems, documentation, hydraulic heritage

Abstract

The fortuitous discovery of part of the pipeline system that supplied the town of Montilla (Spain) in the late 19th century, which was made in September 2017 by the city’s fire service, originated an academic study in this regard. The engineer José María Sánchez-Molero y Lleguet designed this canalization, from the fountain of the “Cuadrado” to some tanks located in the “water’s house” (Montilla) in 1868. There are no remains of these constructions, except those found by the firefighters. The aim of this study is to collect, analyse and interpret all the existing graphic and documentary evidence in this regard, perform a 3D modelling of the catchment system at the fountain based on the compiled documentation and determine the terrain’s topography. Indeed, the virtual location on the digital model of the terrain based on the plans of Sánchez-Molero can help archaeologists to discover the true location, highlighting the suitability and usefulness of this research work.

The catchment system designed and executed by Sánchez-Molero is a system of ditches. These are made up of a series of ditches filled with gravel, arranged according to the slope in the shape of a herringbone, surrounding the fountain of Cuadrado (perfectly represented in the plan of Sánchez-Molero). Moreover, there is another main ditch attached to the wall of the dam. The system was designed to capture the waters of the fountains or runoff water from the adjoining orchards. It is a system based on gravel-filled trenches with no drainage pipes at the bottom, which could have led to its depletion, due to the possible cementation of spaces between gravels. For this reason, in 1902, other sources were sought, as the water of the Cuadrado was scarce. The system, in addition to the drains and the dam wall, consists of a container or collector, from which the water comes out through the fountain, and through a pipe located on one side of said container.

The catchment system is arranged along with a road system that is also indicated in the map of Sánchez-Molero. This distribution of roads still exists today. Therefore, the modelled system on the real scale can be oriented in the digital terrain model (DTM) of the corresponding plot. The location of the Cuadrado coincides with a well that currently exists. The study of the slopes and the runoff water flow lines coming from the fountains suggests that, in this arrangement of the catchment system, the drains intercept the course of water coming from all the upwelling areas, where the slope is steep (8-12%), i.e. twice as steep as in the high areas and orchards, where the average slope is 3-6%.

The location in the plan and on the terrain profile of the pipe that carried the water from the outlet of the Cuadrado reservoir to the water house was analysed. The water rise was found to be produced by the communicating vessels effect, due to the coincidence of the heights of the terrain. From there, the water was pumped to the water house. There was the register, located at the lowest point of elevation in the stream, currently called Cuadrado, and the stopcock, where the Flauta Fountain is located today. The pipeline follows the route of the Manantiales (which means “water springs” in Spanish).

The obtained results can help archaeologists to know the true location of the Cuadrado fountain, and disseminate the cultural hydric heritage of Montilla, promoting touristic routes. Water resource tourism is already a reality in many cities, including Montilla. The cultural dissemination of water resources is supported by various institutions, through the routes and the many sources and watering holes that the town owns. Among these routes, we can mention the long route of the fountains of Montilla. This route runs along the path of the Manantiales, following the pipeline map of Sánchez-Molero, which passes through the water house, the Flauta Fountain and the Cuadrado Fountain. The results of this work allow culturally the enhancement of this route.

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Author Biographies

Pilar Carranza-Cañadas, Universidad de Córdoba

Asso. Professor in the Department of Graphic and Geomatic Engineering (University of Córdoba). She develops her teaching work at the School of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, in subjects of Engineering Drawing, and Computer Aided Drawing applied to agroforestry engineering, gardening and horticulture. She is currently the director of the Interuniversity Master's Degree in Representation and Design in Architecture and Engineering at the University of Córdoba, jointly with the University of Málaga and Almería. Her research is focused on the field of Graphic Design in engineering and industrial archaeology, using new existing technologies and innovative ones.

Manuel Baena-Sánchez, Universidad de Córdoba

Instituto de Estudios de Postgrado, Rectorado, 14070, Córdoba, España

Rafael Hidalgo Fernández, Universidad de Cordoba

He belongs to the Department of Graphic Engineering and Geomatics. He is a professor at the University of Cordoba. His line of research is the representation of heritage through photogrammetry, augmented reality and 3D scanning. His latest works deal with electrical impedance spectroscopy, neural networks and automation of the digitization of parts using photogrammetry, and study of the columns of the Mosque Cathedral of Cordoba (Spain).

Paula Triviño-Tarradas, Graphic Engineering and Geomatics Department. University of Cordoba.

Lecturer at the University of Cordoba in the Department of Graphic Engineering and Geomatics. Inter-university Master in Representation and Design in Engineering and Architecture. Her research deals with the innovative resources to be implemented in the Graphic design field for engineers in technical schools.

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