La movilidad independiente infantil en los caminos escolares: la percepción de los niños y niñas sobre las dificultades en su entorno

Enviado: 12-11-2021

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Aceptado: 03-05-2024

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Publicado: 03-05-2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4995/reinad.2024.16650

Derechos de autor 2024 Revista sobre la infancia y la adolescencia

Creative Commons License

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.

Datos de financiación

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Palabras clave:

Autonomía, caminos escolares, movilidad infantil

Agencias de apoyo:

KideOn. Research Group of the Basque Government

Ref.

IT1342-19 (A category)

Resumen:

La tasa de movilidad independiente infantil ha sufrido un descenso significativo durante las últimas décadas. Esta situación ha provocado que la infancia tenga más dificultades a la hora de explorar, jugar o caminar de forma autónoma por las calles de sus barrios y ciudades. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo conocer las razones que impulsan o dificultan que los niños y niñas puedan tener experiencias de autonomía como en este caso a través del trayecto escolar sin una figura adulta y ver, así como es su percepción sobre el entorno, como influye la decisión parental y conocer cómo son sus propias capacidades personales. En el estudio han participado un total de 1.002 niños y niñas de entre 8 y 16 años de varios municipios de Bizkaia (norte de España). Las respuestas han sido recogidas mediante preguntas abiertas y analizadas mediante el software Iramuteq. Se han realizado tres tipos de análisis, el método Reinert, el análisis de similitudes léxicas y análisis de espeficidades. Los resultados muestran que los y las menores que obtienen el permiso de sus familias para realizar el trayecto escolar de manera autónoma, tienen una mayor percepción de seguridad sobre su entorno. Por el contrario, aquellos que van acompañados a la escuela, perciben sus calles como más inseguras y repiten más frecuentemente las dificultades que puede conllevar la realización del camino de forma independiente. Finalmente, se ha observado que los niños y niñas con mayores tasas de movilidad independiente se perciben con mayor madurez y mejores capacidades para moverse por su entorno.
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