Cityscape, poverty and crime: A quantitative assessment using VHR imagery
Submitted: 2016-02-27
|Accepted: 2016-03-22
|Published: 2016-06-27
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Keywords:
VHR imagery, urban areas, Slum Index, crime
Supporting agencies:
Programa Enlaza Mundos - Alcaldía de Medellín (Colombia)
Universidad EAFIT
Universitat Politècnica de València
Abstract:
Reseña de tesis doctoral leída el 21 de diciembre de 2015 en el Departamento de Ingeniería Cartográfica, Geodesia y Fotogrametría de la Unviersitat Politècnica de València.
Este trabajo aporta una revisión de las aplicaciones de la teledetección satelital en la investigación de ciencia regional en entornos urbanos. Se aporta además evidencia empírica acerca de la utilidad de las imágenes satelitales para cuantificar el grado de pobreza a escala intra-urbana, con base en dos premisas: primero, que la apariencia física de un asentamiento urbano es un reflejo de la sociedad que lo habita; y segundo, que la población de áreas urbanas con condiciones físicas de vivienda parecidas tiene características sociales y demográficas similares. Se evalúa el potencial de los descriptores del tejido urbano extraídos de la imagen para explicar una medida de pobreza conocida como el índice Slum. Encontramos que esas variables explican hasta un 59% de la variabilidad en el índice Slum.
También se analiza la relación entre el trazado urbano y crimen. Con base en la premisa de que la apariencia de un asentamiento es un reflejo de la sociedad, nos preguntamos si el diseño del barrio tiene un impacto cuantificable cuando se observa desde el espacio usando descriptores del tejido urbano obtenidos de imágenes de muy alta resolución. El porcentaje de superficies impermeables diferentes a los techos de arcilla, la fracción de techos de arcilla sobre las superficies impermeables, dos variables de estructura relacionadas con la homogeneidad del trazado urbano y la variable de textura uniformidad resultaron estadísticamente significativas.
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