Evaluating Municipal Responses to Touristification: The PEUAT in Barcelona
Submitted: 2026-02-04
|Accepted: 2026-04-08
|Published: 2026-05-19
Copyright (c) 2026 Andrea Reina

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Downloads
Keywords:
Barcelona, touristification, PEUAT, tourism, neighbours, housing
Supporting agencies:
Abstract:
Since 1992, Barcelona has established itself as a Mediterranean metropolis with strong tourist appeal. Initially, the increase in visitors was welcomed by the local population. However, as the city transitioned from a place with tourists to a tourist city, some citizens adopted a more critical stance due to effects such as the transformation of local commerce, rising rental prices and residential displacement. To address these issues, the municipal government implemented various policies, including the Special Urban Plan for Tourist Accommodations (PEUAT), which divides the city into four zones with different regulations regarding licenses and the number of tourist establishments. This study adopts a mixed-methods approach, drawing on both public and first-hand data, to analyse patterns associated with tourism dynamics and to explore the role of the PEUAT in shaping these dynamics across four neighbourhoods: Barceloneta (ZE-1), Sants (ZE-2), Clot (ZE-3), and La Sagrera (ZE-4). In doing so, the study combines quantitative indicators and qualitative insights to identify spatial differences, emerging trends, and stakeholder perceptions regarding tourism pressure and its regulation.
References:
Barcelona City Council (2022). Perception of tourism in Barcelona. https://bcnroc.ajuntament.barcelona.cat/jspui/handle/11703/128871
Baptista, L. V. (2005). Playful territories (and what makes a territory playful): trying a starting point. In Fórum Sociológico (Vol. 13, No. 14, pp. 47–58). https://aps.pt/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/DPR461180e841edb_1.pdf
Blanco-Romero, A., Blázquez-Salom, M., & Cànoves, G. (2018). Barcelona, housing rent bubble in a tourist city. Social responses and local policies. Sustainability, 10(6), 2043. https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/10/6/2043, https://doi.org/10.3390/su10062043
Cabrerizo, C., Sequera, J., & Bachiller, P. G. (2016). Between touristification and resistance spaces in central Madrid: some keys to (re)thinking the tourist city. Ecología Política, (52), 78–82. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26333515
Cocola-Gant, A. (2016). Holiday rentals: The new gentrification battlefront. Sociological Research Online, 21(3), 112-120. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.5153/sro.4071, https://doi.org/10.5153/sro.4071
Cocola-Gant, A., & Lopez-Gay, A. (2020). Transnational gentrification, tourism and the formation of ‘foreign only’ enclaves in Barcelona. Urban studies, 57(15), 3025-3043. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0042098020916111, https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098020916111
Congostrina, L. A. (April 26, 2023). A real estate company may transform 120 rental flats in Barcelona into tourist apartments due to a legal loophole. El País. https://elpais.com/espana/catalunya/2023-04-26/un-grieta-legal-permite-transformar-120-pisos-de-alquiler-de-barcelona-en-apartamentos-turisticos.html#?rel=mas
Centenero de Arce, M. J., & Paulino, F. (2022). Millennial tourism. An approach to the influence of Instagram advertising on digital tourism. Tourism and Heritage, (19), 37-58. https://doi.org/10.24265/turpatrim.2022.n19.03
Doxey, G. V. (1975). Theory of visitor-resident irritants, methodology and research inferences: The impact of tourism. In Sixth Annual Conference of the Travel Research Association, San Diego, USA.
Font, T., López, A., & Clot, R. (2019). The Special Tourist Accommodation Plan (PEUAT): a temporary tool to regulate tourism. Papers: Regió Metropolitana de Barcelona: Territori, estratègies, planejament, (62), 70–77. https://ddd.uab.cat/record/218280
Garcia-López, M. À., Jofre-Monseny, J., Martínez-Mazza, R., & Segú, M. (2020). Do short-term rental platforms affect housing markets? Evidence from Airbnb in Barcelona. Journal of Urban Economics, 119, 103278. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0094119020300498, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2020.103278
Gil, J., & Sequera, J. (2018). Expansion of the tourist city and new resistances. The case of Airbnb in Madrid. EMPIRIA. Revista de Metodología de las Ciencias Sociales, (41), 15–32. https://www.redalyc.org/journal/2971/297165396001/297165396001.pdf
Gutiérrez, A., & Vives-Miró, S. (2018). Accumulation of housing by banks through evictions: a geography of housing dispossession in Catalonia. EURE (Santiago), 44(132), 5–26. https://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?pid=S0250-71612018000200005&script=sci_arttext&tlng=pt, https://doi.org/10.4067/s0250-71612018000200005
Harvey, D. (2004). The ‘new’ imperialism: Accumulation by dispossession. Socialist Register, 42, 99–129.
Harvey, D. (2013). Rebel Cities: From the Right to the City to the Urban Revolution. Ediciones Akal.
Huete, R., & Mantecón, A. (2018). The rise of “tourism-phobia”: research hypothesis or ideological noise? https://www.pasosonline.org/Publicados/16118/PS118_01.pdf
Lefebvre, H. (1968). Le droit à la ville. Éditions Anthropos.
López Palomeque, F. (2015). Barcelona, from a city with tourism to a tourist city: notes on a complex and unfinished process. Documents d'anàlisi geogràfica, 61(3), 483–506. https://ddd.uab.cat/record/138475,https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/dag.296
López Villanueva, C., & Crespi Vallbona, M. (2021). Gentrification and touristification: dynamics and strategies in Barcelona. Encrucijadas. Revista Crítica de Ciencias Sociales, 21(1), a2102. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=7974543
López-Gay, A. (2018). Changes in social composition and gentrification in Barcelona: a view through migratory and residential flows. Papers: Regió Metropolitana de Barcelona, (60), 80–93. https://ddd.uab.cat/record/194957
López-Gay, A., Sales-Favà, J., Solana-Solana, M., Fernández, A., & Peralta, A. (2021). The advance of gentrification in Barcelona and Madrid, 2011–2019: socio-spatial analysis based on a gentrification index. Estudios Geográficos, 82(291), e084. https://www.torrossa.com/en/resources/an/5510320#page=239, https://doi.org/10.3989/estgeogr.202195.095
Mansilla López, J. A. (2018). Neighbours in danger of extinction. Urban tourism, social movements and socio-spatial exclusion in Barcelona. https://www.pasosonline.org/Publicados/16218/PS218_01.pdf
Márquez, A. R. (2018). Urban tourism planning: the regulation of tourist-use housing in Madrid and Barcelona. Revista de estudios de la Administración Local y Autonómica, (10), 22–39. https://www.redalyc.org/journal/5764/576465106002/576465106002.pdf
Mendoza, J. M., & Russo, A. P. (2020). Population, gentrification and tourism in Barcelona: Statistical study of the city by districts. In Tourism sustainability: "overtourism vs undertourism", pp. 379–390. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=7606178
Milano, C. (2018). Overtourism, social unrest and tourism-phobia: A controversial debate. PASOS Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural, 16(3), 551–564. https://www.pasosonline.org/Publicados/16318/PS318_01.pdf, https://doi.org/10.25145/j.pasos.2018.16.041
Milano, C. (2017). Tourism-phobia: when tourism enters the agenda of social movements. Marea urbana, 1(1), 5–8. Milano/publication/323174493_Turismofobia_cuando_el_turismo_entra_en_la_agenda_de_los_movimientos_sociales/links/5a84316345851504fb3d4c8a/Turismofobia-cuando-el-turismo-entra-en-la-agenda-de-los-movimientos-sociales.pdf
Montaner, J. M. (December 11, 2014). The death of traditional commerce. El País. https://elpais.com/ccaa/2014/12/10/catalunya/1418237786_003841.html
Nieuwland, S., & Van Melik, R. (2020). Regulating Airbnb: how cities deal with perceived negative externalities of short-term rentals. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(7), 811–825. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13683500.2018.1504899, https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2018.1504899
Barcelona Tourism Observatory (2023). Tourism Activity Report 2022 – Capsule 1. https://www.observatoriturisme.barcelona/es/informe-anual-de-la-actividad-tur%C3%ADstica-en-barcelona-2022-c%C3%A1psula-1
Barcelona Tourism Observatory (2023). Profile and habits of tourists in Barcelona city 2022. https://www.observatoriturisme.barcelona/es/informe-de-resultados-perfil-y-h%C3%A1bitos-de-los-turistas-en-barcelona-ciudad-2023
Padrós C. R. (2022). The Special Urban Development Plan for Tourist Accommodation (PEUAT) of Barcelona or the limits of urban law as a tool for economic activity regulation. Revista General de Derecho del Turismo RGDT, (5), 3. https://portalrecerca.uab.cat/en/publications/el-plan-especial-urban%C3%ADstico-dealojamientos-tur%C3%ADsticos-peuat-de-
Parra, I. D., & Sequera, J. (2021). Introduction to the special issue "Touristification and urban transformation: Debates on tourism specialization and its socio-spatial consequences". Cuadernos Geográficos, 60(1), 6–12. https://revistaseug.ugr.es/index.php/cuadgeo/article/view/14067, https://doi.org/10.30827/cuadgeo.v60i1.14067
Peck, J., & Tickell, A. (2002). Neoliberalizing space. Antipode, 34(3), 380–404. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jamie-Peck/publication/343135710_La_Neoliberalizacion_del_Espacio_Neoliberalizing_space/links/5f18521492851cd5fa3c14b7/La-Neoliberalizacion-del-Espacio-Neoliberalizing-space.pdf
Santos, J. L. Q. (2004). Economic, sociocultural and environmental impacts of tourism and their links with sustainable tourism. In Anales del Museo de América (No. 12, pp. 263–274). https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=1180522
Sequera, J., & Nofre, J. (2018). Shaken, not stirred: New debates on touristification and the limits of gentrification. City, 22(5-6), 843–855. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13604813.2018.1548819, https://doi.org/10.1080/13604813.2018.1548819
Valero Escandell, J. R., & García-Tortosa, F. (2020). Urban overtourism and demographic changes. https://rua.ua.es/dspace/handle/10045/109702
Zaar, M. H., & da Fonseca, M. A. P. (2019). Tourism and urban space consumption in Barcelona. Analysis of the resident-tourist relationship in the Barceloneta neighbourhood. Cuadernos de Turismo, (44), 487–514. https://revistas.um.es/turismo/article/view/405001, https://doi.org/10.6018/turismo.44.405001



