Developing CALL for heritage languages: The 7 Keys of the Dragon

Authors

  • Anthi Revithiadou Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
  • Vasilia Kourtis-Kazoullis University of the Aegean
  • Maria Soukalopoulou Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
  • Konstantinos Konstantoudakis Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
  • Christos Zarras Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4995/eurocall.2015.4667

Keywords:

Online language learning, Heritage languages, Russian, Albanian, Focus-form activities

Abstract

n this article we present an interactive extensible software, The 7 Keys of the Dragon, for the teaching/learning of Albanian and Russian to students that attend primary and secondary education in Greece with the respective languages as their heritage languages. We address the key challenges we encountered during the conceptualization phase of the project development and the specific design choices we implemented in order to accommodate them. Drawing on recent research on the role of Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) applications for young bilingual populations, we aimed at creating a user friendly environment with a clear pedagogical orientation. Furthermore, given that games in language learning are associated with intrinsic motivation and meaningful exposure to the target language, we have integrated a fairy-tale background narrative, a game-inspired reward system, and two cartoon-like assistant characters to stimulate the user’s involvement in the learning tasks. Five chapters for each target language were created, each comprising a text, a variety of scaffolding material and quizzes. The software is designed to provide real-time automatic correction of quizzes and allow for easy expansion with additional quizzes and texts. A separate application for teachers facilitates essay correction and commenting on the students’ language learning progress and achievements.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Amaral, L. and Meurers, D. (2011). On using intelligent computer­assisted language learning in real­life foreign language teaching and learning. ReCALL, 23(1): 4-24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0958344010000261

Aravossitas, T. (2010). From Greek school to Greek's cool: heritage language education in Ontario and the Aristoteles credit program. Using weblogs for teaching the Greek language in Canada. University of Toronto, MA Thesis.

Aravossitas, T. and Trifonas, P.P. (2014). Rethinking heritage language education. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Baker, C. and Prys Jones, S. (1998). Encyclopedia of Bilingualism and Bilingual Education. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.

Banks, J. A. (1989). Approaches to multicultural curriculum reform. Trotter Review, 3(3): Article 5. Available from http://scholarworks.umb.edu/trotter_review/vol3/iss3/5. Last accessed 20/08/2015.

Beaudrie, S. and Fairclough, M. (2012). Spanish as a heritage language in the United States. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.

Benmamoun, E., Montrul, S. and Polinsky, M. (2010). Prolegomena to Heritage Linguistics. Harvard University. Available from http://scholar.harvard.edu/mpolinsky/publications/white-paper-prolegomena-heritage- linguistics. Last accessed 20/08/2015.

Benmamoun, E., Montrul, S. and Polinsky, M. (2013a). Heritage languages and their speakers: Opportunities and challenges for linguistics. Theoretical Linguistics, 39(3-4): 129-181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tl-2013-0009

Benmamoun, E., Montrul, S. and Polinsky, M. (2013b). Defining an "ideal" heritage speaker: Theoretical and methodological challenges | Reply to Peer Commentaries. Theoretical Linguistics, 39(3-4): 259-294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tl-2013-0018

Blake, R.J. and Zyzik, E.C. (2003). Who's helping whom?: Learner/Heritage-speakers' networked discussions in Spanish. Applied Linguistics, 24(4): 519-544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/applin/24.4.519

Buszard-Welcher, L. (2001). Can the Web help save my language? In Hinton, L. and Hale, K. (eds.), The green book of language revitalization in practice. San Diego: Academic Press, pp. 331-348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004261723_027

Campbell, R. and Rosenthal, J. (2000). Heritage languages. In Rosenthal, J. W. (ed.), Handbook of undergraduate second language acquisition. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., pp. 165-184.

Carreira, M. (2004). Seeking explanatory adequacy: a dual approach to understanding the term "heritage language learner." Heritage Language Journal, 2(1): 1-25. Available from http://www.heritagelanguages.org. Last accessed 20/08/2015.

Carreira, M. and Kagan, O. (2011). The results of the national heritage language survey: implications for teaching, curriculum design, and professional development. Foreign Language Annals, 44: 40-64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-9720.2010.01118.x

Chapelle, C. (2001). Computer applications in second language acquisition: foundations for teaching, testing and research. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139524681

Cornillie, F., Thorne, S.L. and Desmet P. (2012). ReCALL special issue: Digital games for language learning: challenges and opportunities. ReCALL, 24(3): 243-256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0958344012000134

Cumbre-o Espada, A. B., García, M. R., Fuentes, A. C. and Domínguez Gómez, E. M. (2006). Developing adaptive systems at early stages of children's foreign language development. ReCALL, 18(1): 45-62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0958344006000413

Cummins, J. (2001). Negotiating identities: Education for empowerment in a diverse society. Los Angeles, CA: California Association for Bilingual Education.

Cummins, J. (2005). A proposal for action: Strategies for recognizing heritage language competence as a learning resource within the mainstream classroom. The Modern Language Journal, 89: 585-592.

De Bot, K. and Gorter, D. (2005). A European perspective on heritage languages. The Modern Language Journal, 89: 612-616.

DelliCarpini, M. (2012). Building computer skills in TESOL teacher education. Language Learning & Technology, 16(2): 14-23.

Draper, J., and Hicks, J. (2000). Where we've been; what we've learned. In Webb, J. and Miller, B. (eds.), Teaching heritage language learners: voices from the classroom. Yonkers, NY: ACTFL, pp. 15-35.

Edwards, V., Pemberton, L., Knight, J. and Monaghan, F. (2002). Fabula: A bilingual multimedia authoring environment for children exploring minority languages. Language Learning and Technology, 6(2): 59-69.

Fishman, J. (2001). 300-plus years of heritage language education in the United States. In Peyton, J.K., Ranard, D.A. and McGinnis, S. (eds.), Heritage languages in America: preserving a national resource. McHenry, IL and Washington D.C, Delta Systems and Center for Applied Linguistics, pp. 87-97.

Fishman, J. (2006). Three-hundred plus years of heritage language education in the United States. In Valdés, G., Fishman, J., Chávez, R. and Pérez, W. (eds.), Developing minority language resources. The case of Spanish in California. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, pp. 12-23.

Gee, J.P. and Hayes, E.R. (2011). Language and learning in the digital age. New York: Routledge.

Haugland, S.W. (1997). Children's home computer use: An opportunity for parent teacher collaboration. Early Childhood Education Journal, 25: 133-135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1025632822773

He, A.W. (2010). The heart of heritage: Sociocultural dimensions of heritage language learning. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 30: 66-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0267190510000073

He, A.W. and Xiao Y. (eds.) (2008). Chinese as a heritage language: fostering rooted world citizenry. Manoa, HI: National Foreign Language Resource Center, University of Hawai'i at Manoa.

Hedayati, H.F. and Marandi, S.S. (2014). Iranian EFL teachers' perceptions of the difficulties of implementing CALL. ReCALL, 26(3): 298-314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0958344014000172

Hémard, D. (2003). Language learning online: designing towards user acceptability. In Felix, U. (ed.), Language learning online: towards best practice. The Netherlands: Swets & Zeitlinger, pp. 21-42.

Hew, K.F. and Cheung, W.S. (2010). Use of three-dimensional (3-D) immersive virtual worlds in K-12 and higher education settings: a review of the research. British Journal of Educational Technology, 41: 33-55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2008.00900.x

Hornberger, N. and Wang, S. (2008). Who are our heritage language learners? Identity and biliteracy in heritage language education in the United States. In Brinton, D., Kagan, O. and Bauckus, S. (eds.), Heritage language education: a new field emerging. New York: Routledge, pp. 3-38.

Hubbard, P. (2006). Evaluating CALL software. In Ducate, L. and Arnold, N. (eds.), Calling on CALL: from theory and research to new directions in foreign language teaching. San Marcos: CALICO.

Kagan, O. and Dillon, K. (2001). Consortium for language learning and teaching. A new perspective on teaching Russian: focus on the heritage learner. Slavic and East European Journal, 45(3): 507-518. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3086367

Katushemererwe, F. and Nerbonne, J. (2013). Computer-assisted language learning (CALL) in support of (re)-learning native languages: the case of Runyakitara. Computer Assisted Language Learning.

Kennedy, B. (1988). Adult versus child L2 acquisition: an information processing approach. Language Learning, 38: 477-496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-1770.1988.tb00164.x

King, K. and Ennser-Kananen, J. (2013). Heritage languages and language policy. In Chapelle, C. (ed.), The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics. Malden, NJ: Blackwell, pp. 1-4.

Lam, Y. (2000). Technophilia vs. technophobia: A preliminary look at why second language teachers do or do not use technology in their classrooms. Canadian Modern Language Review, 56(3): 389-420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cmlr.56.3.389

Lee, S.L. (2006). Exploring the relationship between electronic literacy and maintenance. Language Learning and Technology, 10(2): 99-113.

Lee, J.S. and Shin, S.J. (eds.) (2008). Special issue on Korean as a heritage language. Heritage Language Journal, 6(2).

Lewis, R. (2004). Communication technology in the developing nations. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 20(2). Wiley. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2729.2004.00077.x

Little, D. (1991). Learner autonomy 1: Definitions, issues, and problems. Dublin, Ireland: Authentik.

Meskill, C. and Anthony, N. (2008). Computer mediated communication: tools for instructing Russian heritage language learners. Heritage Language Journal, 6(1): 1-22.

Montrul, S. and Polinsky, M. (2011). Why not heritage speakers? Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism, 1(1): 58-62. Available from http://scholar.harvard.edu/mpolinsky/publications/why-not-heritage-speakers. Last accessed 20/08/2015.

Motteram, G. and Sharma, P. (2009). Blended learning in a Web 2.0 World. International Journal of Emerging Technologies & Society, 7(2): 83-96.

Murphy, P. (2007). Reading comprehension exercises online: the effects of feedback, proficiency and interaction. Language Learning Technology, 11(3): 107-129.

Neumeier, P. (2005). A closer look at blended learning: parameters for designing a blended learning environment for language teaching and learning. ReCALL, 17(2): 163-178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0958344005000224

Parker, L.L. (ed.) (2007). Technology-mediated learning environments for young English learners. New York: Routledge.

Peterson, M. (2010). Computerized games and simulations in computer-assisted language learning: a meta-analysis of research. Simulation & Gaming, 41(1): 72-93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2010.520673

Pim, C. (2013). Emerging technologies, emerging minds: digital innovations within the primary sector. In Motteram, G. (ed.), Innovations in learning technologies for English language teaching. London: British Council, pp. 20-42. Available from http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/. Last accessed 20/08/2015.

Polinsky M. (2011). Annotated bibliography of research in heritage languages. Oxford Bibliographies, Linguistics. Oxford University Press. Available from http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/obo/page/linguistics. Last accessed 20/08/2015.

Polinsky, M. and Kagan, O. (2007). Heritage languages: in the 'wild' and in the classroom. Language and Linguistics Compass,1(5): 368-395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-818X.2007.00022.x

Purushotma, R., Thorne, S.L. and Wheatley, J. (2009). 10 key principles for designing video games for foreign language learning. Available from http://lingualgames.wordpress.com/article/10-key-principles-for-designing-video-27mkwqba7b13d-2/. Last accessed 20/08/2015.

Ramirez Verdugo, D. and Alonso Belmonte, I. (2007). Using digital stories to improve listening comprehension with Spanish young learners of English. Language Learning Technology, 11(1): 87-101.

Revithiadou, A. and Spyropoulos, V. (eds.) (2013). A comparative study of Russian/Albanianâ€Greek grammatical structures. Project 'Education of Immigrant and Repatriate Students', Operational Program of Education and Lifelong Learning (NSRF 2007-2013). Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Publications, Research Committee, Thessaloniki. Available from http://www.diapolis.auth.gr/index.php/2013-10-17-09-02-51/-52. Last accessed 20/08/2015.

Roca, A. (2000). Heritage learners of Spanish. In Guntermann, G. (ed.), Teaching Spanish with the five C's: a blueprint for success. AATSP professional development series handbook for teachers K-16, Vol. 2. Mason, OH: Thomson-Heinle, pp. 91-106.

Said-Mohand, A. (2011). The teaching of Spanish as a heritage language: Overview of what we need to know as educators. Porta Linguarum, 16: 89-104.

Stanley, G. (2013). Integrating technology into secondary English language teaching. In Motteram, G. (ed.), Innovations in learning technologies for English language teaching. London: British Council, pp. 45-66. Available from http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/ Last accessed 20/08/2015.

Tallon, M. (2009). The effects of computer-mediated communication on foreign language anxiety in heritage and non-heritage students of Spanish: A preliminary investigation. TPFLE, 13(1): 39-66.

Tao, H. (ed.) (2006). Special issue on Chinese. Heritage Language Journal, 4(1). National Heritage Language Resource Center at UCLA.

Terrell, S.S. (2011). Integrating online tools to motivate young English language learners to practice English outside the classroom. International Journal of Computer-Assisted Language Learning and Teaching (IJCALLT), 1(2): 16-24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcallt.2011040102

Valdés, G. (2000). Introduction. Spanish for native speakers. AATSP Professional Development Series Handbook for teachers K-16, Vol. 1. New York, NY: Harcourt College.

Valdés, G. (2001). Heritage language students: profiles and possibilities. In Peyton, J. K. and McGinnis, S. (eds.), Heritage languages in America: blueprint for the future. Washington, DC and McHenry, IL: Center for Applied Linguistics and Delta Systems, pp. 37-77.

Van Deusen-Scholl, N. (2003). Toward a definition of heritage language: sociopolitical and pedagogical considerations. Journal of Language, Identity and Education, 2: 211-230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/S15327701JLIE0203_4

Villa, D. (2002). Integrating technology into minority language preservation and teaching efforts: an inside job. Language Learning and Technology, 6(2): 92-101.

Villada, E. C. (2009). Evaluation for early foreign language learning: a review of the literature and a framework for evaluation. CALICO Journal, 26(2): 363-389.

Wang, X. (ed.) (1996). A view from within: a case study of Chinese heritage community language schools in the United States. Washington, DC: The National Foreign Language Center.

Wang S.-G. and Vásquez, C. (2012). Web 2.0 and second language learning: what does the research tell us? CALICO Journal, 29(3): 412-430. http://dx.doi.org/10.11139/cj.29.3.412-430

Ward, M. (2004). The additional uses of CALL in the endangered language context. ReCALL, 16(2): 345-359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0958344004000722

Warschauer, M. (2003). Technology and social inclusion: rethinking the digital divide. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Yager, R. E. and Roy, R. (1993). STS: Most persuasive and most radical of reform approaches to "science education". In Yager, R. E. (ed.), What research says to the science teacher, Volume 7: The science, technology, society movement. Washingon, D. C.: National Science Teachers Association, pp. 7-13.

Zheng, D., Young, M. F., Wagner, M. M. and Brewer, R. A. (2009). Negotiation for action: English language learning in game-based virtual worlds. The Modern Language Journal, 93: 489-511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2009.00927.x

Published

09/26/2015

Issue

Section

Research papers