Optimal Inventory Strategies for Managing Shortages through Substitution of High- and Low-Quality Products with Lead Time Risk

Saurabh Kumar Mishra

India

Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology

Department of Mathematics and Scientific Computing

Vinod Kumar Mishra

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-4017

India

Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology

Department of Mathematics and Scientific Computing

|

Accepted: 2026-03-07

|

Published: 2026-04-14

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4995/wpom.24162