Metaheurísticas para el Control de Turbinas Eólicas Marinas: Técnicas, Aplicaciones y Perspectivas Emergentes
Enviado: 24-10-2025
|Aceptado: 05-06-2026
|Publicado: 19-06-2026
Derechos de autor 2026 Eduardo Bayona Blanco, Jesús Enrique Sierra-García, Matilde Santos, Eduardo Muñoz-Palomeque
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
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Palabras clave:
Control Inteligente, Aerogeneradores Marinos, Optimización Metaheurística, Energía Eólica
Agencias de apoyo:
Resumen:
El control de aerogeneradores marinos plantea retos significativos debido a la no linealidad, incertidumbre y variabilidad de su entorno operativo. Este artículo presenta una revisión crítica de técnicas metaheurísticas aplicadas al diseño y ajuste de controladores de turbinas eólicas en tres áreas clave: control de ángulo de paso de las palas, seguimiento del punto de máxima potencia (MPPT) y mitigación de cargas y vibraciones. Se analizan enfoques evolutivos y bioinspirados, así como su integración con controladores inteligentes, destacando estrategias híbridas aplicadas a turbinas flotantes y arquitecturas distribuidas, junto con las líneas emergentes en el área. La revisión, basada en más de 70 estudios recientes, identifica avances prometedores junto a desafíos persistentes como la escasa validación experimental, la heterogeneidad metodológica y las limitaciones de implementación en tiempo real. Se concluye que las técnicas metaheurísticas ofrecen un marco versátil para desarrollar sistemas de control más robustos y adaptativos, aunque su consolidación industrial requiere superar barreras técnicas, computacionales y normativas.
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