Control combinado de potencia y temperatura en una máquina de absorción para refrigeración solar
Enviado: 02-12-2025
|Aceptado: 20-04-2026
|Publicado: 14-05-2026
Derechos de autor 2026 Manuel G. Satué, Manuel Vargas, José D. Álvarez, Francisco R. Rubio, Manuel G. Ortega, Manuel Berenguel
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
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Palabras clave:
modelado de sistemas térmicos, sistemas de almacenamiento de energía, control y gestión de sistemas energéticos, refrigeración solar
Agencias de apoyo:
MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033
FEDER/UE
Resumen:
Las máquinas de absorción accionadas con energía solar representan una alternativa prometedora para la climatización y, en particular, para la refrigeración sostenible. No obstante, su integración eficaz en sistemas reales requiere una operación flexible y un control preciso de la potencia frigorífica suministrada. Este trabajo describe el modelado y control de la potencia frigorífica de una máquina de absorción alimentada exclusivamente con energía solar térmica, utilizando un depósito intermedio como reservorio de energía. El objetivo es satisfacer la demanda variable de frío de una instalación, permitiendo el funcionamiento a carga parcial cuando sea necesario, e identificando las señales clave que permiten detectar situaciones de sobredemanda o déficit de demanda que exceden el rango operativo de la máquina. La estrategia de control propuesta se basa en una estructura jerárquica de lazos anidados que regulen tanto la potencia frigorífica entregada como la temperatura del agua utilizada para refrigeración. Los resultados de simulación confirman la eficacia del control para modular la capacidad frigorífica y permitir una operación flexible.
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