Sensor virtual inteligente para la inspección de calidad en sistemas robóticos de dispensación de adhesivos
Enviado: 05-12-2024
|Aceptado: 01-07-2025
|Publicado: 10-07-2025
Derechos de autor 2025 Alfredo Rodríguez Magdalena, Ignacio Díaz Blanco, Jose María Enguita González
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
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Palabras clave:
Robots manipuladores, detección y diagnóstico de fallos, supervisión de las condiciones, Garantía de calidad y mantenimiento, instrumentos virtuales, sistemas N-dimensionales, precepción y detección, sistemas de fabricación flexible
Agencias de apoyo:
Normagrup Technology
Resumen:
La automatización de procesos de producción conlleva la eliminación de la supervisión humana directa, lo que exige el desarrollo de sistemas capaces de analizar la calidad de manera autónoma y en tiempo real. En este contexto, se propone el diseño de un sistema inteligente de inspección para la dispensación de adhesivo en un proceso de montaje de luminarias. El sistema parte de la observación de que los fluidos no newtonianos, como los utilizados en estos procesos, presentan una dinámica compleja influenciada por la reología, la gravedad y la geometría de aplicación, pudiendo manifestar comportamientos inestables que resultan en una deposición irregular y, por lo tanto, en ineficiencias. La solución propuesta se basa en un sistema de perfilometría láser 3D integrado sobre una célula robotizada, en la que un brazo manipulador desplaza el chasis de la luminaria bajo una válvula de dispensación de adhesivo. A partir de los perfiles generados durante el proceso, se extraen características representativas mediante técnicas de ingeniería de características y/o reducción de dimensionalidad. Estas se utilizan como entrada para un clasificador supervisado, cuyo objetivo es evaluar en tiempo real si la dispensación se está realizando correctamente. En conjunto, se presenta una solución viable y escalable para entornos de fabricación flexible, orientada a la inspección autónoma de calidad en procesos de montaje robotizado.
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