Redes neuronales y aprendizaje por refuerzo en el control de turbinas eólicas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4995/riai.2021.16111Palabras clave:
Turbinas eólicas, aerogeneradores, control del ángulo de las palas, control inteligente, redes neuronales aprendizaje por refuerzoResumen
El control del ángulo de las palas de las turbinas eólicas es complejo debido al comportamiento no lineal de los aerogeneradores, y a las perturbaciones externas a las que están sometidas debido a las condiciones cambiantes del viento y otros fenómenos meteorológicos. Esta dificultad se agrava en el caso de las turbinas flotantes marinas, donde también les afectan las corrientes marinas y las olas. Las redes neuronales, y otras técnicas del control inteligente, han demostrado ser muy útiles para el modelado y control de estos sistemas. En este trabajo se presentan diferentes configuraciones de control inteligente, basadas principalmente en redes neuronales y aprendizaje por refuerzo, aplicadas al control de las turbinas eólicas. Se describe el control directo del ángulo de las palas del aerogenerador y algunas configuraciones híbridas de control. Se expone la utilidad de los neuro-estimadores para la mejora de los controladores. Finalmente, se muestra un ejemplo de aplicación de algunas de estas técnicas en un modelo de turbina terrestre.
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