Satisfacción Laboral en docentes universitarios: medición y estudio de variables influyentes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4995/redu.2016.5974Palabras clave:
satisfacción laboral, modelo, Universidad, docentesResumen
Los docentes representan el principal activo estratégico de las Universidades. Sus conocimientos y expertise constituyen el core-competence de este fenotipo organizacional. Es precisamente a través del desempeño de las actividades académicas (i.e. investigación, enseñanza, extensión) que éstos contribuyen a la efectividad en el funcionamiento de las Universidades, así como a su visibilidad, reputación y prestigio en el mercado académico. Debido a la incidencia probada de la satisfacción laboral sobre la salud ocupacional y otras variables de performance de gran interés para la gestión, resulta relevante su medición y estudio sistemático en las Universidades. En este artículo, se efectúa un relevamiento del nivel de satisfacción (global y por atributos) de una muestra representativa de docentes de una Universidad pública argentina, indagándose en las facetas para las cuales se registran puntajes promedio menores. A su vez, y través del empleo de técnicas estadísticas de análisis multivariado (e.g. análisis factorial, análisis de regresión múltiple), se estudia la incidencia simultánea de un set de variables sociodemográficas y relativas a las condiciones de trabajo en la satisfacción laboral. De esta investigación se obtiene que niveles menores se registran en cuestiones atinentes a los mecanismos de acceso a cargos docentes, percepción de justicia dentro del sistema y perspectivas de movilidad ascendente. Las principales variables predictivas que parecieran explicar de manera significativa la satisfacción laboral de los docentes son su edad y la jerarquía de su cargo.Descargas
Citas
Abdel-Halim, A. A. (1983). Effects of task and personality characteristics on subordinate responses to participative decision making. Academy of Management Journal, 26(3), 477-484. https://doi.org/10.2307/256258
Brayfield, A. H. y Rothe, H. F. (1951). An index of job satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 35(5), 307-311. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0055617
Brief, A. P. (1998). Attitudes in and around organizations. Utah: Sage Publications.
Bono, J. E. y Judge, T. A. (2003). Core self-evaluations: A review of the trait and its role in job satisfaction and job performance. European Journal of Personality, 17(1), S5-S18. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.481
Brief, A. P., Butcher, A. H. y Roberson, L. (1995). Cookies, disposition, and job attitudes: The effects of positive mood-inducing events and negative affectivity on job satisfaction in a field experiment. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 62(1), 55-62. https://doi.org/10.1006/obhd.1995.1030
Clark, B. R. (1983). The higher education system: Academic organization in cross-national perspective. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Clark, A. E. (1993). Job satisfaction and gender: Why are women so happy at work? Discussion Paper No. 415. Colchester: Department of Economics, University of Essex.
Clark, A., Oswald, A. y Warr, P. (1996). Is job satisfaction U-shaped in age? Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 69(1), 57-81. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1996.tb00600.x
Dawis, R. V. y Lofquist, L. H. (1984). A psychological theory of work adjustment: An individual-differences model and its applications. Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press.
Fisher, C. D. (2000). Mood and emotions while working: Missing pieces of job satisfaction? Journal of Organization Behavior, 21(1), 185-202. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(200003)21:2%3C185::AID-JOB34%3E3.0.CO;2-M
García de Fanelli, A. y Moguillansky, M. (2014). La docencia universitaria en Argentina: Obstáculos en la carrera académica. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 22(1), 1-18.
Hoppock, R. (1935). Job satisfaction. New York: Harper.
Hackman, J. R. y Oldham, G. R. (1976). Motivation through the design of work: Test of a theory. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 16(2), 250-279. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(76)90016-7
Hackman, J. R., Oldham, G., Janson, R. y Purdy, K. (1975). A new strategy for job enrichment. California Management Review, 17(4), 57-71. https://doi.org/10.2307/41164610
Hackman, J. R. y Oldham, G. R. (1975). Development of the job diagnostic survey. Journal of Applied Psychology, 60(2), 159-170. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0076546
Hernández Sampieri, R., Collado, C. F., Lucio, P. B. y Pérez, M. D. L. (1998). Metodología de la investigación. México: McGraw-Hill.
Herzberg, F., Mausner, B. y Snyderman, B. (1959). The motivation to work. New York: Wiley.
House, R. J. y Mitchell, T. R. (1974). Path-goal theory of leadership. Journal of Contemporary Leadership, 3(4), 81-98.
Judge, T. A., Locke, E. A. y Durham, C. C. (1997). The dispositional causes of job satisfaction: A core evaluations approach. Research in Organizational Behavior, 19(1), 151-188.
Judge, T. A., Locke, E. A., Durham, C. C. y Kluger, A. N. (1998). Dispositional effects on job and life satisfaction: the role of core evaluations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83(1), 17-34. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.83.1.17
Judge, T. A., Erez, A. y Bono, J. E. (1998). The power of being positive: The relation between positive self-concept and job performance. Human Performance, 11(2-3), 167-187. https://doi.org/10.1080/08959285.1998.9668030
Judge, T. A., Bono, J. E. y Locke, E. A. (2000). Personality and job satisfaction: the mediating role of job characteristics. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(2), 237-249. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.85.2.237
Judge, T. A. y Bono, J. E. (2001). Relationship of core self-evaluations traits—self-esteem, generalized self-efficacy, locus of control, and emotional stability—with job satisfaction and job performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(1), 80-92. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.86.1.80
Judge, T. A. y Larsen, R. J. (2001). Dispositional affect and job satisfaction: A review and theoretical extension. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 86(1), 67-98. https://doi.org/10.1006/obhd.2001.2973
Judge, T. A., Heller, D. y Mount, M. K. (2002). Five-factor model of personality and job satisfaction: a meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(3), 530-541. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.3.530
Lawler, E. E. (1973). Motivation in work organizations. California: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company.
Locke, E. A. (1976). The nature and causes of job satisfaction.Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Chicago: Rand McNally College.
Locke, E. A. y Schweiger, D. M. (1979). Participation in decision-making: One more look. Research in Organizational Behavior, 1(10), 265-339.
Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological review, 50(4), 370-396. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0054346
Michalos, A. C. (Ed.). (2014). Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research. New York: Springer Reference. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5
Miller, K. I. y Monge, P. R. (1986). Participation, satisfaction, and productivity: A meta-analytic review. Academy of Management Journal, 29(4), 727-753. https://doi.org/10.2307/255942
Moorman, R. H. (1993). The influence of cognitive and affective based job satisfaction measures on the relationship between satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior. Human Relations, 46(6), 759-776. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872679304600604
Mowday, R. T., Porter, L. W. y Steers, R. (1982). Organizational linkages: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover. San Diego: Academic Press
Price, J. L. y Mueller, C. W. (1981). Professional turnover: The case of nurses. New York: Spectrum.
Price, J. L. y Mueller, C. W. (1986). Handbook of organizational measurement. Marshfield: Pittman.
Pujol Cols, L. J. y Arraigada, M. C. (2015). Exploración de la representación social de la profesión académica en una muestra de docentes de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales de la Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. FACES, 21(45), 87-109.
Quinn, R. P. y Mangione, T. W. (1973). Evaluating weighted models of measuring job satisfaction: A Cinderella story. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 10(1), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(73)90002-0
Quinn, R. P. y Shepard, L. J. (1974). The 1972-73 Quality of Employment Survey. Michigan: Survey Research Center.
Robbins, S. y Judge, T. (2013). Comportamiento Organizacional (Decimoquinta edición). México: Pearson.
Russell, S. S., Spitzmüller, C., Lin, L. F., Stanton, J. M., Smith, P. C. y Ironson, G. H. (2004). Shorter can also be better: The abridged job in general scale. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 64(5), 878-893. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164404264841
Science Research Associates. (1973). SRA Attitude Survey. Chicago: Science Research Associates.
Schuler, R. S. (1976). Participation with supervisor and subordinate authoritarianism: A path-goal theory reconciliation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 21(2), 320-325. https://doi.org/10.2307/2392048
Seashore, S. E. y Taber, T. D. (1975). Job satisfaction indicators and their correlates. American Behavioral Scientist, 18(3), 333-368. https://doi.org/10.1177/000276427501800303
Schleicher, D. J., Watt, J. D. y Greguras, G. J. (2004). Reexamining the job satisfaction-performance relationship: the complexity of attitudes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(1), 165-177. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.89.1.165
Smith, P. C., Kendall, L. M. y Hulin, C. L. (1969). The measurement of satisfaction in work and retirement. Chicago: Rand McNally.
Smith, P. C., Smith, O. W. y Rollo, J. (1974). Factor structure for blacks and whites of the Job Descriptive and its discrimination of job satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 59(1), 99-100. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0035828
Spector, P. E. (1986). Perceived control by employees: A meta-analysis of studies concerning autonomy and participation at work. Human relations, 39(11), 1005-1016. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872678603901104
Spector, P. E. (1997). Job satisfaction: Application, assessment, causes, and consequences. Thousand Oaks: Sage publications.
Stumpp, T., Muck, P. M., Hülsheger, U. R., Judge, T. A. y Maier, G. W. (2010). Core self-evaluations in Germany: validation of a German measure and its relationships with career success. Journal of Applied Psychology, 59(4), 674-700. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2010.00422.x
Thomas, A., Buboltz, W. C. y Winkelspecht, C. S. (2004). Job characteristics and personality as predictors of job satisfaction. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 12(2), 205-219. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb028993
Thompson, E. R. y Phua, F. T. (2012). A brief index of affective job satisfaction. Group & Organization Management, 37(3), 275-307. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601111434201
Tosi, H. (1970). A reexamination of personality as a determinant of the effects of participation. Personnel Psychology, 23(1), 91-99. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1970.tb01638.x
Triadó Ivern, X. M., Aparicio Chueca, P., Freixa Niella, M. y Torrado Fonseca, M. (2015). Satisfacción y motivación del profesorado en el primer curso en grados de ciencias sociales. REDU. Revista de Docencia Universitaria, 13(1), 203-229. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/redu.2015.6454
Vega, R. I. (2010). Análisis del Sistema de Información Universitario: diseño de herramientas de gestión para la toma de decisiones en las instituciones de Educación Superior(Inédito).
Vroom, V. H. (1959). Some personality determinants of the effects of participation. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 59(3), 322-327. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0049057
Vroom, V. H. y Mann, F. C. (1960). Leader Authoritarianism and Employee Attitudes. Personnel Psychology, 13(2), 125-140. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1960.tb02460.x
Wanous, J. P. y Reichers, A. E. (1996). Estimating the reliability of a single-item measure. Psychological Reports, 78(2), 631-634. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1996.78.2.631
Wanous, J. P. y Hudy, M. J. (2001). Single-item reliability: A replication and extension. Organizational Research Methods, 4(4), 361-375. https://doi.org/10.1177/109442810144003
Watson, D. y Clark, L. A. (1984). Negative affectivity: the disposition to experience aversive emotional states. Psychological Bulletin, 96(3), 465-490. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.96.3.465
Watson, D. y Slack, A. K. (1993). General factors of affective temperament and their relation to job satisfaction over time. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 54(2), 181-202. https://doi.org/10.1006/obhd.1993.1009
Weaver, C. N. (1980). Job satisfaction in the United States in the 1970s. Journal of Applied Psychology, 65(3), 364-367. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.65.3.364
Werther, W. y Davis, K. (1984). Administración de Personal y Recursos Humanos (quinta edición). México: Mc Graw Hill.
Wooldridge, J. M. (2013). Introductory Econometrics. South-Western: Cengage Learning.
Wrzesniewski, A., McCauley, C., Rozin, P. y Schwartz, B. (1997). Jobs, careers, and callings: People’s relations to their work. Journal of Research in Personality, 31(1), 21-33. https://doi.org/10.1006/jrpe.1997.2162
Descargas
Publicado
Número
Sección
Licencia
Esta revista se publica bajo una licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObraDerivada 4.0 Internacional
