An integrative conceptual framework for the evolution of lean supply chains from industry 4.0 to industry 5.0
Submitted: 2025-08-25
|Accepted: 2026-04-17
|Published: 2026-06-15
Copyright (c) 2026 John Reyes, Santiago Escobar
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
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Keywords:
lean supply chain, enabling technologies, limitations of LSC 4.0, industry 5.0
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Abstract:
This research provides an integrative systematic literature review (SLR) for the evolution of lean supply chains (LSC) from industry 4.0 to industry 5.0. In line with this, three research questions are posed and answered through an SLR with 84 articles classified into four analytical categories of review: limitations of LSC 4.0, I5.0 enabling technologies, functional principles of I5.0, and lean manufacturing 5.0 practices. The results identify that LSC 4.0 improves operational efficiency, but faces structural limitations such as infrastructure, data management and security, environmental impact, capacity to handle disruptions, systemic sustainability, and human-machine integration. To facilitate the transition to I5.0, an analytical framework is proposed that acts as a strategic roadmap, integrating enabling technologies such as artificial intelligence, collaborative robots, digital twins, blockchain, internet of things and big data analytics, fostering resilience, sustainability and human-machine collaboration. This framework explores synergies between the core study variables: supply chain, lean manufacturing, and industry 5.0 to redefine LSC as adaptive, human-centred systems. Practical applications of these findings guide academics and practitioners towards empirical developments that drive the evolution of LSC 4.0 towards LSC 5.0.
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