Caracterización experimental de la aireación en resaltos hidráulicos aguas abajo de una caída vertical mediante sondas de conductividad
Enviado: 01-04-2026
|Aceptado: 17-06-2026
|Publicado: 31-07-2026
Derechos de autor 2026 Ingeniería del Agua
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
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Palabras clave:
flujo bifásico agua–aire, sonda de conductividad, sonda de profundidad, resalto hidráulico, caída vertical
Agencias de apoyo:
Parte del proyecto Resiliencia de las Infraestructuras Hidráulicas ante el Sobrevertido por efecto del Cambio Climático. La Seguridad frente a Flujos Emulsionados, Referencia: PID2022-142037OB-I00, financiado por MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER, UE.
Proyecto número: 2023-1-ES01-KA131-HED-00011998, administrado por la Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena (España)
Resumen:
Este trabajo analiza experimentalmente el flujo bifásico agua–aire generado aguas abajo de una estructura de caída vertical mediante dos instrumentaciones basadas en el principio de conductividad eléctrica: una sonda de profundidad o calado y una sonda puntual. Los ensayos se realizaron con una caída vertical de 0.50 m en un canal rectangular de 0.80 m de anchura. Se analizaron cinco resaltos hidráulicos generados con caudales específicos entre 0.076 y 0.127 m3/s/m, números de Froude al inicio del resalto entre 4.55 y 5.46 y números de Reynolds al inicio del resalto entre 7.6×104 y 1.3×105. Las sondas permitieron obtener la variación vertical de la fracción de aire, la frecuencia de burbujas y el calado equivalente de agua clara a lo largo del resalto hidráulico. La validación cruzada entre ambos equipos presenta una discrepancia menor del 7.3%, lo que confirma la utilidad del sistema propuesto para caracterizar flujos turbulentos altamente aireados.
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