Análisis de fármacos en aguas residuales de tres hospitales de la ciudad de Puebla, México
Enviado: 2020-05-08
|Aceptado: 2020-09-30
|Publicado: 2021-01-29
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Palabras clave:
aguas residuales, contaminantes ambientales, contaminantes del agua, cromatografía líquida de alta presión, espectrometría de masas en tándem, preparaciones farmacéuticas
Agencias de apoyo:
Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) de México (proyecto PN 2016 - 3620)
Vicerrectoría Académica de la UDLAP (proyecto de investigación interno 2019)
Resumen:
Mediante sus efluentes, los hospitales contribuyen a la ocurrencia de microcontaminantes emergentes como los fármacos, en el agua. Este trabajo cuantificó la presencia de nueve fármacos en las aguas residuales de tres hospitales privados de México con 66, 92 y 120 camas, respectivamente. Las muestras se caracterizaron fisicoquímicamente y, empleando cromatografía líquida de alta resolución acoplada a espectrometría de masas (UPLC-MS/MS), se reportaron las siguientes concentraciones máximas promedio: paracetamol (38740.11±33832.15 ng/L), naproxeno (6321.42±11074.86 ng/L), ketorolaco (1429.80±237.94 ng/L), ibuprofeno (249.46±143.68 ng/L), ranitidina (149.60±303.70 ng/L), hidrocortisona (96.72±57.21 ng/L), dexametasona (33.02±41.23 ng/L), esomeprazol (22.85±24.12 ng/L) y omeprazol (22.50±23.97 ng/L). En aguas tratadas se detectó una reducción del 67 al 100% en los niveles de hidrocortisona, naproxeno, paracetamol y ranitidina. Los resultados obtenidos informan la presencia de fármacos que no habían sido reportados previamente en efluentes hospitalarios mexicanos y demuestran el impacto de las plantas de tratamiento, contribuyendo a la evidencia existente para impulsar acciones de regulación, innovación tecnológica y monitoreo.
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