Influence of human capital on the trial and error learning process in a common pool resource (CPR) game
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7201/earn.2021.02.03Keywords:
Colombian Pacific coast, Common-Pool Resources, Non-cooperative games, Trial and Error Learning ProcessAbstract
This paper presents a study regarding the behavior of Pacific-Colombian fishers in a Common Pool Resource game. Results show that decision-making depends on human capital accumulation and the learning process. Specifically, through trial and error, those players with more human capital adjust their decisions on the basis of a cooperative-collusive solution by following the feedback of their own most successful strategies in past rounds. Notably, fishers with the higher levels of formal schooling tend to harvest less because they have a better understanding of dilemma-type games and the higher benefits involved when they cooperate.
Downloads
References
Adler, J. (1996). "Costs and Effectiveness of Education and Enforcement, Cairns Section of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park". Environmental Management, 20, 541-551. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01474654
Alcock, D. (1991). "Education and extension: Management's best strategy". Australian Parks and Recreation, 27(1), 15-17.
Andreoni, J. & Miller J.H. (1993). "Rational cooperation in the finitely repeated Prisoner's Dilemma: Experimental Evidence". The Economic Journal, 103(418), 570-585. https://doi.org/10.2307/2234532
Angrist, J.D. & Pischke, J.S. (2008). Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion. Princeton: Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvcm4j72
Arroyo-Mina, J.S., Revollo-Fernández, D.A., Aguilar-Ibarra, A. & Georgantzis, N. (2016). "Economic behavior of fishers under climate-related uncertainty: Results from field experiments in Mexico and Colombia". Fisheries Research, 183, 304-317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2016.05.020
Archibald, R.B. & Elliot, C.S. (1989). "Trial and Error Learning and Economic Models". Kyklos, 42, 39-59. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6435.1989.tb02766.x
Beck, N.L. & Katz, J.N. (1995). "What to do (and not to do) with time-series cross-section data". American Political Science Review, 89(3), 634-647. https://doi.org/10.2307/2082979
Becker, G. (1964). Human Capital. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Brañas P., Cardenas, J.C. & Rossi, M. (2009). Gender, Education, and Reciprocal Generosity: Evidence from 1,500 Experiment Subjects. ECINEQ Working Paper 2009, 128.
Boone, C., De Brabander, B., Carree, M., De Jong, G., Van Olffen, W. & Van Witteloostuijn, A. (2002). "Locus of control and learning to cooperate in a prisoner's dilemma game". Personality and Individual Differences, 32(5), 929-946. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(01)00100-3
Bowen, H.R. (1977). Investment in Learning: The Individual and Social Value of American Higher Education. San Francisco: Routledge.
Brosig, J. (2002). "Identifying cooperative behavior: some experimental results in a prisoner's dilemma game". Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 47(3), 275-290. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2681(01)00211-6
Burks, S.V., Carpenter, J.P., Goette, L. & Rustichini, A. (2009). "Cognitive skills affect economic preferences, strategic behavior, and job attachment". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(19), 7745-7750. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0812360106
Burks, S.V., Carpenter, J.P. & Verhoogen, E. (2003). "Playing both roles in the trust game". Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 51(2), 195-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2681(02)00093-8
Cancino, J.P., Uchida, H. & Wilen, J.D. (2007). "TURF's and ITQs: Collective vs. Individual Decision Making". Marine Resource Economics, 22(4) 391-406. https://doi.org/10.1086/mre.22.4.42629569
Cárdenas, J.C. (2000). "How do groups solve local commons dilemmas? Lessons from experimental economics in the field". Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2, 305-322. https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011422313042.
Cárdenas, J.C. (2003). "Real wealth and experimental cooperation: experiments in the field lab". Journal of Development Economics, 70(2), 263-289. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3878(02)00098-6
Cárdenas, J.C., Chong, A. & Ñopo, H. (2009). "To what extent do Latin Americans trust, reciprocate, and cooperate? Comments evidence from experiments in six Latin American countries". Economia, 9(2), 45-94. https://doi.org/10.1353/eco.0.0027
Certo, S.T., Busenbark, J.R., Woo, H.S., Semadeni, M. (2016). Sample selection bias and Heckman models in strategic management research. Strategic Management Journal, 37: 2639-2657. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2475
Christy, F. (1982). Territorial use rights in marine fisheries: definitions and conditions. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper No. 227. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Cobos, A.J., Due-as, J.D. & Velandia, M.C. (2016). "Aspectos economicos de la pesca artesanal". In Diaz, J.M. Guillot, L. & Velandia, C.M. (Eds.): La pesca Artesanal en el Norte del Pacífico Colombiano: Un Horizonte Ambivalente (pp. 91-103). Bogota: Fundación MarViva.
Croson, R. & Gneezy, U. (2009). "Gender differences in preferences". Journal of Economic Literature, 47(2), 448-474. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.47.2.448
Deb, P. & Seck, P. (2009). Internal migration, selection bias and human development: Evidence from Indonesia and Mexico. Human Development Research Paper (HDRP) Series no. 31.
De Jong, G. (2015). "The impact of social and human capital on individual cooperative behaviour. Implications for international strategic alliances". Critical Perspectives on International Business, 11(1), 4-29. https://doi.org/10.1108/cpoib-12-2012-0063
Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE). (2005). Censo General. Bogotá.
Díaz, J.M. & Caro, N. (2016). "El mar como territorio y la pesca como actividad tradicional en el territorio Chocoano". In Díaz, J.M., Guillot, L. & Velandia, M.E. (Eds.): La Pesca Artesanal en el Norte del Pacífico Colombiano: Un Horizonte Ambivalente (pp. 29-43). Bogota: Fundación MarViva.
Eshel, I., Samuelson, L. & Shaked, A. (1998). "Altruists, egoists, and hooligans in a local interaction model". American Economic Review, 88(1), 157-179.
FAO. (1995). Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries. Rome: Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations.
Gaspart, F. & Seki, E. (2003). "Cooperation, status seeking and competitive behavior: Theory and evidence". Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 51(1), 51-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2681(02)00139-7
Helbing, D. & Yu, W. (2009). "The outbreak of cooperation among success-driven individuals under noisy conditions". Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences, 106(10), 3680-3865. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0811503106
Hernández, A. & Diaz, J.M. (2012). "La Zona Exclusiva de Pesca Artesanal en la costa norte del Pacífico colombiano: Escenario de conflictos socio-ambientales". La Timonera, 17, 49-51.
Huck, S., Müller, W. & Normann, H. (2001). "Stackelberg beats Cournot: On collusion and efficiency in experimental markets". The Economic Journal, 111(474), 749-765. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0297.00658
Huck, S., Normann, H.T. & Oechssler, J. (1999). "Learning in Cournot Oligopoly. An experiment". The Economic Journal, 109 (454), 80-95. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0297.00418
Huck, S., Normann, H.T. & Oechssler, J. (2000). Trial and error to collusion, the discrete case. Bonn Econ Discussion Papers, 6. Bonn: Graduate School of Economics (BGSE), Universität Bonn.
Huck, S., Normann, H.T. & Oechssler, J. (2004a). "Through trial and error to collusion". International Economic Review, 45(1), 205-224. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2354.2004.00122.x
Huck, S., Normann, H.T. & Oechssler, J. (2004b). "Two are few and four are many: Number effects in experimental oligopolies". Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 53(4), 435-446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2002.10.002
Huettig, F., Kolinsky, R. & Lachmann, T. (2018). "The culturally co-opted brain: How literacy affects the human mind". Language, Cognition and Neuroscience, 33(3), 275-277. https://doi.org/10.1080/23273798.2018.1425803
Jones, G. (2008). "Are smarter groups more cooperative? Evidence from prisoner's dilemma experiments, 1959-2003". Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 68(3-4) 489-497. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2008.06.010
Karandikar, R., Mookherjee, D., Ray, D. & Vega-Redondo, F. (1998). "Evolving Aspirations and Cooperation". Journal of Economic Theory, 80(2), 292-331. https://doi.org/10.1006/jeth.1997.2379
Kreps, D.M., Milgrom, P., Roberts, J. & Wilson, R. (1982). "Rational cooperation in the finitely repeated prisoners' dilemma". Journal of Economic Theory, 27(2), 245-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0531(82)90029-1
Kirchkamp, O. & Nagel, R. (2007). "Naive learning and cooperation in network experiments". Games and Economic Behavior, 58(2), 269-292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geb.2006.04.002
Kosmidis, M.H. (2018). "Challenges in the neuropsychological assessment of illiterate older adults". Language, Cognition and Neuroscience, 33(3), 373-386. https://doi.org/10.1080/23273798.2017.1379605
López-Angarita, J., Tilley, A., Díaz, J.M., Hawkins, J.P, Cagua, E.F & Roberts, C.M. (2018). "Winners and losers in area-based management of a small-scale fishery in the Colombian Pacific". Frontiers in Marine Science, 53, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00023
Malik-Moraleda, S., Orihuela, K., Carreiras, M. & Duñabeita, J.A. (2018). "The consequences of literacy and schooling for parsing strings". Language, Cognition and Neuroscience, 33(3), 293-299. https://doi.org/10.1080/23273798.2017.1313436
Moreno-Sanchez, R.P. & Maldonado, J.H. (2010). "Evaluating the role of co-management in improving governance of marine protected areas: An experimental approach in the Colombian Caribbean". Ecological Economics, 69(15), 2557-2567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.07.032
Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural, Colombia (MinAgricultura). (2013). Resolución 0899. Bogotá: Autoridad Nacional de Acuicultura y Pesca.
Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural, Colombia (MinAgricultura). (2017). Resolución 2111. Bogota, Colombia: Autoridad Nacional de Acuicultura y Pesca.
Navia, A.F., Mejía-Falla, P.A., López-García, J., Mufioz, L.A. & Ramírez-Luna, V. (2010). Pesquería artesanal de la zona norte del Pacifico colombiano: Aportando herramientas para su administración. Fase 2. Technical Report. Colombia: Fundación SQUALUS.
Nguyen ThiQuynh, C., Schilizzi, S., Hailu, A. & Iftekhar, S. (2017). "Territorial Use Rights for Fisheries (TURFs): State of the art and the road ahead". Marine Policy, 75, 41-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2016.10.004
Offerman, T. & Sonnemans, J. (1998). "Learning by experience and learning by imitating successful others". Journal of Economic Behavior and Organizations, 34(4), 559-575. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2681(97)00109-1
Ostrom, E., Gardner, R. & Walker, J.M. (1994). Rules, Games, and Common-Pool Resources. Michigan: Ann Arbor. https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.9739
Pallas, A.M. (2000). "The effects of schooling on individual lives". In Hallinan, M.T. (Ed.): Handbook of the Sociology of Education (pp. 499-526). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-36424-2_23
Pallas, A.M. & Jennings, J.L. (2009). "Cumulative knowledge about cumulative advantage". Swiss Journal of Sociology, 35(2), 211-229.
Plankis, B.J. & Marrero, M.E. (2010). "Recent ocean literacy research in United States public schools: Results and implications". International Electronic Journal of Environmental Education, 1, 21-50.
Ramírez-Luna, A.V. (2013). The Exclusive Fishing Zone for the Artisanal Fishery in Choco Colombia: Origins, Development, and Consequences for Artisanal Fisheries and Food Security. Master Dissertation. Environmental Science Program. Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador.
Rassenti, S., Reynolds, S., Smith, V.L. & Szidarovszky, F. (2000). "Adaption and convergence of behavior in repeated experimental Cournot games". Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 41(2), 117-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2681(99)00090-6
Sáenz-Pacheco, G. (2014). Marviva, Pesca Responsable y Comunicación Para la Gobernanza en Bahía Solano y Nuquí (Pacífico Norte Colombiano). Barranquilla, Colombia: Editorial Universidad del Norte.
Satizábal, P. (2018). "The unintended consequences of 'responsible fishing' for small-scale fisheries: Lessons from the Pacific coast of Colombia". Marine Policy, 89, 50-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2017.12.005
Satizábal, P. & Batterbury, S.P. (2018). "Fluid geographies: Marine territorialisation and the scaling up of local aquatic epistemologies on the Pacific coast of Colombia". Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 43(1), 61-78. https://doi.org/10.1111/tran.12199
Schramm, A.J.H.C. (1998). What Have We Learned From Experiments? Gothenburg, Sweeden: Presidential Address, European Public Choice Society.
Selten, R. & Buchta, J. (1998). "Experimental sealed bid first price auctions with directly observed bid functions". In Budescu, D., Erev, I. & Zwick, R. (Eds.): Games and Human Behavior: Essays in Honor of Amnon Rapoport. Mahwak, USA: Lawrenz Erlaaum Association.
Schoedinger, S., Cava, F. & Jewell, B. (2006). "The need for ocean literacy in the classroom: Part I". The Science Teacher, 73(6), 44-47.
Vainstein, M.H., Silva, A. & Arenzon, J. (2007). "Does mobility decrease cooperation?" Journal of Theoretical Biology, 244(4), 722-728. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2006.09.012
Velez, M.A., Stranlund, J.K. & Murphy, J.J. (2009). "What motivates common pool resource users? Experimental evidence from the field". Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 70(3), 485-497. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2008.02.008
Vieira, C.A., Díaz, M.C. & Díaz, J.M. (2016) "Ordenamiento y manejo pesquero en la costa norte del Pacífico colombiano". In Diaz, J.M., Guillot, L. & Velandia, M.C. (Eds.): La pesca Artesanal en la Costa Norte del Pacífico Colombiano: Un Horizonte Ambivalente (pp. 45-57). Bogota: Fundación MarViva.
Tan, J.H.W. & Zizzo, D.J. (2008). "Groups, cooperation and conflict in games". The Journal of Socio-Economics, 37(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2006.12.023
Young, H.P. (2009)." Learning by trial and error". Games and Economic Behavior, 65(2), 626-643. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geb.2008.02.011
Wooldridge, J.M. (2010). Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License
