Is the biodiversity relevant in the decision to visit national parks in Peru?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7201/earn.2020.02.01.Keywords:
Protected natural areas, biodiversity conservation, travel cost, random utility model, recreation and nature tourismAbstract
The aim was to determine the importance of the biodiversity on the decision to visit six Natural Parks of Peru. For this, a sample of tourists and the discrete travel cost model are used to estimate the demand of multiple places with different attributes. The results confirm that the probability of choice depends on the access routes, the biodiversity, the distance, and the cost of the trip. The effect of the biodiversity is less important than that of access routes. A conservation policy that considers these attributes will be key for the management of the biodiversity.Downloads
References
Azqueta, D., Field, B. & Cano, L. (1996). Economía y Medio Ambiente. Bogotá: McGraw Hill.
Balmford, A., Green, J., Anderson, M., Beresford, J., Huang, C., Naidoo, R., Manica, A. & Walpole, M. (2015). "Walk on the Wild Side: Estimating the Global Magnitude of Visits to Protected Areas". PLOS Biology, 13(2), e1002074. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002074
Bartkowski, B., Lienhoop, N. & Hansjü rgens, B. (2015). "Capturing the complexity of biodiversity: A critical review of economic valuation studies of biological diversity". Ecological Economics, 113, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2015.02.023
Bhat, M.G. (2003). "Application of non-market valuation to the Florida Keys marine reserve management". Journal of Environmental Management, 67(4), 315-325. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-4797(02)00207-4
Bhat, M.Y. & Bhatt, M.S. (2019). "Economic valuation of biodiversity in South Asia: The case of Dachigam National Park in Jammu and Kashmir (India)". Asia and the Pacific Policy Studies, 6(1), 59-72. https://doi.org/10.1002/app5.266
Birol, E., Villalba, E.R. & Smale, M. (2009). "Farmer preferences for milpa diversity and genetically modified maize in Mexico: A latent class approach". Environment and Development Economics, 14(4), 521-540. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355770X08004944
Brett, D. (1997). A recreational demand model of wildlife-viewing visits to the game reserves of the Kwazulu-Natal province of South Africa. CSERGE Working Paper. London: Centre for Social and Economic Research on the Global Environment University College London and University of East Anglia.
CBD. (1992). Convention on Biological Diversity. United Nations.
Cerda, C. (2013). "Valuing biodiversity attributes and water supply using choice experiments: A case study of La Campana Peñuelas Biosphere Reserve, Chile". Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 185(1), 253-266. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-012-2549-5
Cho, S.H., Bowker, J.M., English, D.B.K., Roberts, R.K. & Kim, T. (2014). "Effects of travel cost and participation in recreational activities on national forest visits". Forest Policy and Economics, 40, 21-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2013.12.004
Conradie, B. & Garcia, M. (2013). "An estimate of the recreational value of the Agulhas Plain, South Africa, with special reference to the value of plant biodiversity". South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 16(2), 170-182. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v16i2.331
Del Saz, S. & Pérez, L. (1999). "El valor de uso recreativo del Parque Natural de L'Albufera a través del método indirecto del coste de viaje". Estudios de economía aplicada, 11, 41-62.
Díaz, S., Tilman, D., Fargione, J., Chapin III., F.S., Dirzo, R., Kitzberger, T., Gemmill, B., Zobel, M., Vilà, M., Mitchell, C., Wilby, A., Daily, G.C., Galetti, M., Laurance, W.F., Pretty, J., Naylor, R., Power, A. & Harvell, D. (2005). "Biodiversity regulation of ecosystem services". En Hassan, H., Scholes, R. & Ash, N. (Eds.). Ecosystems and human well-being: Current state and trends. (pp. 297- 329). Washington, D.C.: Island Press.
Eagles, P.F.J. (2014). "Research priorities in park tourism". Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 22(4), 528-549. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2013.785554
Estrategia Nacional de Diversidad Biológica al 2021 y su Plan de Acción 2014 - 2018 (EPANDB). (2014). Sistema Nacional de Información Ambiental (SINIA). Obtenido de: https://sinia.minam.gob.pe/documentos/estrategia-nacional-diversidadbiologica-2021-plan-accion-2014-2018.
Farré, M.J. (2003). "El valor de uso recreativo de los espacios naturales protegidos: Una aplicación de los métodos de valoración contingente y del coste del viaje". Estudios de Economía Aplicada, 21(2), 297-320.
Féral, J.P. (2002). "How useful are the genetic markers in attempts to understand and manage marine biodiversity?" Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 268(2), 121-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0981(01)00382-3
Folke, C., Holling, C.S. & Perrings, C. (1996). "Biological Diversity, Ecosystems, and the Human Scale". Ecological Applications, 6(4), 1018-1024. https://doi.org/10.2307/2269584
Garcia, S., Harou, P., Montagné, C. & Stenger, A. (2009). "Models for sample selection bias in contingent valuation: Application to forest biodiversity". Journal of Forest Economics, 15(1-2), 59-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfe.2008.03.008
García de la Fuente, L. & Colina, A. (2004). "Métodos directos e indirectos en la valoración económica de bienes ambientales. Aplicación al valor de uso recreativo del Parque Natural de Somiedo". Estudios de Economía Aplicada, 22(3), 729-730.
Garrod, G. & Willis, K. (1997). "The non-use benefits of enhancing forest biodiversity: A contingent ranking study". Ecological Economics, 21(1), 45-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-8009(96)00092-4
Garrod, G. & Willis, K. (1999). Economic Valuation of the Environment: Methods and Case Studies. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Ghermandi, A. (2018). "Integrating social media analysis and revealed preference methods to value the recreation services of ecologically engineered wetlands". Ecosystem Services, 31(C), 351-357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2017.12.012
Gray, J.S. (2000). "The measurement of marine species diversity, with an application to the benthic fauna of the Norwegian continental shelf". Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 250(1-2), 23-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0981(00)00178-7
Hamel, R.E. (2007). "The dominance of English in the international scientific periodical literature and the future of language use in science". AILA Review, 20, 53- 71. https://doi.org/10.1075/aila.20.06ham
Hanauer, M., Reid, J., Heisler, A. & Vasquez, F. (2015). Economic Value of Taylor Mountain Regional Park and Open Space Preserve, 34. Obtenido de: https:// www.sonomaopenspace.org/wp-content/uploads/HLHE-Case-Study-Ag-OpenSpace-Technical-Report-Taylor-Mt-Regional-Park.pdf.
Hernández, T., Urciaga, J., Hernández, M. & Palos, L. (2009). "Valoración económica del Parque Nacional Bahía de Loreto a través de los servicios de recreación de pesca deportiva". Revista Región y Sociedad, 44(11), 195-223. https://dx.doi. org/10.22198/rys.2009.44.a461.
Kealy, M. & Parsons, G. (1995). "A demand theory for number of trips in a random utility model of recreation". Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 29(3), 357-367. https://doi.org/10.1006/jeem.1995.1052
Kragt, M.E., Roebeling, P.C. & Ruijs, A. (2009). "Effects of Great Barrier Reef degradation on recreational reef-trip demand: A contingent behaviour approach". Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 53(2), 213-229. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8489.2007.00444.x
Lancsar, E., Fiebig, D. & Hole, A. (2017). "Discrete Choice Experiments: A Guide to Model Specification, Estimation and Software". PharmacoEconomics, 35, 697- 716. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40273-017-0506-4
Laurila-Pant, M., Lehikoinen, A., Uusitalo, L. & Venesjärvi, R. (2015). "How to value biodiversity in environmental management?" Ecological Indicators, 55, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.02.034
Le, T.H.T., Lee, D.K, Kim, Y.S. & Lee, Y. (2016). "Public preferences for biodiversity conservation in Vietnam's Tam Dao National Park". Forest Science and Technology, 12(3), 144-152. https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2016.1141717
Lomas, P., Martí n, B., Louit. C., Montoya, D., Montes, C. & Álvarez, S. (2005). Guía práctica para la valoración económica de los bienes y servicios ambientales de los ecosistemas. Madrid: Ulzama.
Maharana, I., Rai, S.C. & Sharma, E. (2000). "Valuing ecotourism in a sacred lake of the Sikkim Himalaya, India". Environmental Conservation, 27(3), 269-277. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0376892900000308
Málaga, N. (2011). Valoración económica del servicio ambiental de recreación que provee el Río Cañete al sector turismo de Lunahuaná. Tesis doctoral. Lima: Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina.
Marzetti Dall'aste Brandolini, S. (2006). "Investing in biodiversity: The recreational value of a natural coastal area". Chemistry and Ecology, 22(sup. 1), S443-S462. https://doi.org/10.1080/02757540600720227
McFadden, D. (1978). "Modeling the choice of residential location". Transportation Research Record, 673, 72-77. Ministerio de Desarrollo Social - Gobierno de Chile (MDS). (2014). Desarrollo de una metodología para la estimación de beneficios por turismo en el marco del Sistema Nacional de Inversiones. Consultoría y estudios económicos y ambientales Ltda. Concepción.
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA). (2005a). Ecosystems and human wellbeing: Synthesis. Washington D.C.: Inland Press.
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA). (2005b). Ecosystems and human wellbeing: Biodiversity synthesis. Washington D.C.: Island Press. Ministerio del Ambiente (MINAM). (2016). Guía de Valoración del Patrimonio Natural. Lima.
Monz, C.A., Pickering, C.M. & Hadwen, W.L. (2013). "Recent advances in recreation ecology and the implications of different relationships between recreation use and ecological impacts". Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 11(8), 441-446. https://doi.org/10.1890/120358
Muresan, L.M. & Pérez-Llantada, C. (2014). "English for research publication and dissemination in bi-/multiliterate environments: The case of Romanian academics". Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 13, 53-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2013.10.009
Newsome, D., Moore, S.A. & Dowling, R.K. (2012). Natural Area Tourism: Ecology, Impacts and Management. Aspects of Tourism. Bristol: Channel View Publications. https://doi.org/10.21832/9781845413835
Nishizawa, E., Kurokawa, T. & Yabe, M. (2006). "Policies and resident's willingness to pay for restoring the ecosystem damaged by alien fish in Lake Biwa, Japan". Environmental Scienceand Policy, 9(5), 448-456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2006.03.006
Parsons, G.R. & Needelman, M.S. (1992). "Site Aggregation in a Random Utility Model of Recreation". Land Economics, 68(4), 418-433. https://doi.org/10.2307/3146698
Pasgaard, M. & Strange, N. (2013). "A quantitative analysis of the causes of the global climate change research distribution". Global Environmental Change, 23(6), 1684-1693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.08.013
Pearce, D.W. (1993). Economic values and natural world. London: MIT Press.
Pearce, D.W. & Moran, D. (1994). The Economic Value of Biodiversity. London: Earthscan.
Pickering, C., Rossi, S. D., Hernando, A. & Barros, A. (2018). "Current knowledge and future research directions for the monitoring and management of visitors in recreational and protected areas". Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 21, 10-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2017.11.002
PROMPERÚ. (2017). Perfil del turista extranjero. Turismo en cifras. Obtenido de: https://www.promperu.gob.pe/TurismoIN/sitio/TurismoCifras.
Rees, S.E., Rodwell, L.D., Attrill, M.J., Austen, M.C. & Mangi, S.C. (2010). "The value of marine biodiversity to the leisure and recreation industry and its application to marine spatial planning". Marine Policy, 34(5), 868-875. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2010.01.009
Resolución Presidencial N°349-2016-SERNANP. (2016). Aprueban tarifas única y especial por ingreso con fines turísticos a las Áreas Naturales Protegidas de administración nacional. Diario Oficial El Peruano, Lima.
Rockström, J., Steffen, W., Noone, K., Persson, Å., Chapin III, F.S., Lambin, E., Lenton, T.M., Scheffer, M., Folke, C., Schellnhuber, H., Nykvist, B., De Wit, C.A., Hughes, T., Van der Leeuw, S., Rodhe, H., Sörlin, S., Snyder, P.K., Costanza, R., Svedin, U., Falkenmark, M., Karlberg, L., Corell, R.W., Fabry, V.J., Hansen, J., Walker, B., Liverman, D., Richardson, K., Crutzen, P. & Foley, J. (2009). "Planetary boundaries: exploring the safe operating space for humanity". Ecology and Society, 14(2), 32. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-03180-140232
Rossi, S.D., Byrne, J.A. & Pickering, C.M. (2015). "The role of distance in periurban national park use: Who visits them and how far do they travel?" Applied Geography, 63, 77-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2015.06.008
Rossi, S.D., Pickering, C.M. & Byrne, J.A. (2016). "Not in our park! Local community perceptions of recreational activities in peri-urban national parks". Australasian Journal of Environmental Management, 23(3), 245-264. https://doi.org/10.1080/14486563.2015.1132397
Samos, A. & Bernabeu, R. (2013). "Valuation of the recreational use of the Calares del Mundo and Sima Natural Park through the travel cost method". Forest Systems, 22(2), 189-201. https://doi.org/10.5424/fs/2013222-02534
Sánchez, J.M. (2008). "Valoración contingente y costo de viaje aplicados al área recreativa laguna de Mucubají". Economía (Mérida), 33(26), 119-150.
Santos, T., Nogueira Mendes, R. & Vasco, A. (2016). "Recreational activities in urban parks: Spatial interactions among users". Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 15, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2016.06.001
SERNANP. (2016a). Planes Maestros. Lima: Ministerio del Ambiente. Obtenido de: https://www.sernanp.gob.pe/planes-maestros.
SERNANP. (2016b). Libro de Registros. Lima: Ministerio del Ambiente.
SINANPE. (2016). Plan Financiero. Lima: Ministerio del Ambiente.
Suding, K.N., Lavorel, S., Chapin III, F.S., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Diaz, S., Garnier, E., Goldberg, D., Hooper, D.U., Jackson, S.T. & Navas, M.L. (2008). "Scaling environmental change through the community level: A trait-based response-and-effect framework for plants". Global Change Biology, 14(5), 1125-1140. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01557.x
Surendran, A. & Sekar, C. (2010). "An economic analysis of willingness to pay (WTP) for conserving the biodiversity". International Journal of Social Economics, 37(8), 637-648. https://doi.org/10.1108/03068291011060661
Thurstone, L.L. (1927). "A law of comparative judgement". Psychological Review, 34(4), 273-286. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0070288
Worboys, G., Lockwood, M., Kothari, A., Feary, S. & Pulsford, I. (Eds.). (2015). Protected Area Governance and Management. Canberra: ANU Press. https://doi.org/10.22459/PAGM.04.2015
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License
